Sinusitis

14 pages, 888 KB

Open AccessReview

Otologic and Sinonasal Manifestations of Pediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Scoping Review

by Kenny Nguyen, Noah D. Bogart, Alexa N. Pearce, Lindsay E. Blake, Brendan Sweeney, Vijay A. Patel and Robert A. Saadi

Sinusitis 2026, 10(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/sinusitis10010003 - 28 Jan 2026

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Abstract

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous disorder of motile cilia that leads to impaired mucociliary clearance and recurrent airway infections. Children with PCD often present with ear and sinus disease resembling common pediatric conditions, yet the true burden and management remain incompletely defined. To address this gap, a systematic search for pediatric cohort studies published between 2020 and 2025 reporting otologic and sinonasal features of PCD was performed. Searches of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 12 eligible studies, encompassing 524 children with confirmed PCD. Data extracted focused on demographics, otologic and sinonasal manifestations, vestibular findings, radiographic imaging, and interventions. Across studies, 60.3% had a history of otitis media and 39.1% had hearing loss, predominantly conductive. Tympanostomy tubes were utilized in more than half of patients, with many requiring multiple sets over time due to recurrent effusions or tube occlusion. Sinonasal disease was nearly universal, with 78.5% demonstrating chronic rhinosinusitis and most reporting nasal congestion and rhinorrhea; nasal polyps were uncommonly noted. Vestibular symptoms were also infrequently assessed but present in some patient cohorts. In conclusion, otologic and sinonasal disease are highly co-prevalent in pediatric PCD, highlighting the need for early recognition, regular surveillance, and standardized outcome reporting to guide long-term management of this complex chronic disease. Full article

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25 pages, 339 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sex- and Age-Specific Risk Factors for Asthma: A Comparative Analysis of Demographic, Clinical, and Comorbidity Profiles in Men and Women

by Daniel Lopez-Hernandez, Leticia Brito-Aranda, Karina Ayala-Lopez, Tania Castillo-Cruz, Guadalupe Vanessa Vazquez-Guzman, Maria Clara Hernandez-Almazan, Tabata Gabriela Anguiano-Velazquez, Edgar Cruz-Aviles, Luis Beltran-Lagunes, Christian David Sevilla-Mendoza and Luis Angel Herrerias Colin

Sinusitis 2026, 10(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/sinusitis10010002 - 9 Jan 2026

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Abstract

Asthma is a multifactorial respiratory condition affected by demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Recognizing sex-related differences in risk factors may help develop personalized preventive strategies and ultimately enhance clinical outcomes. This study aims to compare the characteristics of male and female patients with asthma and to identify the primary risk factors linked to the condition in each group as well. A comparative analysis was conducted using regression models to evaluate the association between asthma and potential risk factors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of associations for men and women separately. In females, obesity (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.24–2.75), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.77–6.43), chronic sinusitis (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.02–18.64), and hypothyroidism (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.09–2.94) were significantly associated with asthma. In males, COPD was the strongest predictor (OR, 4.35; 95% CI, 1.18–15.97), while other factors showed weaker or non-significant associations. Age was not a significant predictor in either sex. The findings highlight important sex differences in the risk profile for asthma. These results underscore the need for sex-specific approaches in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of asthma. Full article

13 pages, 561 KB

Open AccessReview

The Effects of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Nasal Airway and Upper Respiratory Tract

by Maayan S. Kahan, Benjamin S. Bleier, Mansoor M. Amiji and Alan D. Workman

Sinusitis 2026, 10(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/sinusitis10010001 - 22 Dec 2025

Viewed by 516

Abstract

Environmental microplastic pollution is rising, and the recent literature reflects these conditions primarily by focusing on the effects of microplastics in the human lung and gut region. Despite the specific prevalence of airborne microplastics, the bulk of the existing literature neglects the point of initial contact of microplastics with the human body, namely the upper airway, specifically the nasal region. This review aims to highlight recent findings surrounding the effects of microplastics in the nose in both in vitro and clinical models. Areas of particular interest include changes in cell morphology, microplastic permeation, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory effects. Although permeation and toxicity findings vary across studies, the literature collectively indicates hazards to cellular health and potential impacts on patient quality of life. Full article

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Sinusitis, Volume 10, Issue 1 (June 2026) – 3 articles

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