Sinusitis

11 pages, 12405 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Analysis of Frontoethmoid Cell Types According to the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification in the Korean Population and Their Relation to Frontal Sinusitis

by Jasmine Pei Ying Kho, Sakinah Mohammad and Chae-Seo Rhee

Sinusitis 2025, 9(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/sinusitis9020014 - 28 Jul 2025

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Abstract

Background: The International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) is a consensus created to simplify the classification of cells affecting frontal sinus drainage. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of the frontal cell variants using the IFAC and to identify their association with the development of FS in the Korean population. Methods: A total of 1060 computed tomography scans of paranasal sinuses (PNS CT) were reviewed. Patient demographics were recorded, and the presentation of types of IFAC cells and presence of frontal sinusitis (FS) were documented. Results: The mean age of the subjects’ scans is 49.8 ± 17, ranging from 16 to 94 years old. The frequency of cells presents from most common to least common are agger nasi cells (ANCs) at 97.1%, suprabullar cells (SBCs) at 73.8%, supraagger cells (SACs) at 38.1%, supraorbital ethmoid cells (SOECs) at 23.3%, frontal septal cells (FSCs) at 19.2%, suprabullar frontal cells (SBFCs) at 16.3% and supraagger frontal cells (SAFCs) at 10.1%. A total of 183 (17.7%) frontal sinuses had an infection, of which the majority were male 67.2%. The presence of SAFCs and/or SBFCs is significantly associated with the development of FS with OR_SAFC = 1.646 and OR_SBFC = 4.483, respectively. Conclusion: The presence of SAFCs and SBFCs statistically increased the probability of developing FS. Full article

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9 pages, 553 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Addition of In-Clinic Cone-Beam CT Imaging to a Public Hospital Rhinology Clinic: Early Experience

by Thitapon Uiyapat, Aideen Ni Mhuineachain and Andrew James Wood

Sinusitis 2025, 9(2), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/sinusitis9020013 - 11 Jul 2025

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Abstract

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers low radiation, cross-sectional imaging that is a suitable alternative to conventional fan-beam computed tomography (FBCT). The initial experience using in-clinic CBCT in the Rhinology outpatient clinic at Waikato Hospital, New Zealand, is described. The first 5 months of CBCT use for Rhinologic imaging was compared to FBCT use in the equivalent 5-month period one year prior. Data relating to 61 CBCTs and 115 FBCTs was analysed. We compared the time and number of hospital visits required for a confirmed treatment decision (CTD) to be made and the duration of the clinic appointment at which the scan was requested between the two groups. The CBCT group required significantly less time (171 vs. 316 days, p < 0.001) and fewer hospital visits (1.5 vs. 3.2 visits, p < 0.001) before a CTD was made, but a longer appointment duration (86 vs. 53 min, p < 0.001). The use of in-clinic CBCT in Rhinology was therefore associated with reduced time and fewer hospital visits before definitive management was decided, but longer clinic appointments were observed. Increased access to CT imaging may result in increased demand. Expertise is required to optimise the quality of imaging, and we recommend that a dedicated Radiographer be allocated. Full article

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7 pages, 731 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Nasal-Type Natural Killer/T-Cell Extranodal Lymphoma

by Mustapha Sellami, Sofiane Amazigh Akbal, Lycia Zaidi and Abderrahmane Akacha

Sinusitis 2025, 9(2), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/sinusitis9020012 - 22 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It predominantly affects middle-aged men and is most common in East Asia and Latin America. Due to its nonspecific symptoms, including nasal obstruction and discharge, ENKTL is frequently misdiagnosed as chronic rhinosinusitis or fungal infection, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. This case report presents a 46-year-old Algerian male with persistent nasal obstruction, foul-smelling nasal discharge, and progressive midfacial destruction. Multiple biopsies initially suggested chronic rhinosinusitis with fungal infection, delaying the definitive diagnosis. Subsequent deep biopsies confirmed ENKTL through histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. ENKTL is characterized by its locally invasive nature, leading to necrotizing lesions and midfacial destruction. Histopathological confirmation through multiple well-targeted biopsies is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis. However, the prognosis remains poor, with a 5-year survival rate ranging from 20% to 65%. Full article

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Sinusitis, Volume 9, Issue 2 (December 2025) – 3 articles

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