COVID-19 Signs and Symptom Clusters in Long-Term Care Facility Residents: Data from the GeroCovid Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures and Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All (n = 586) | SARS-CoV-2 + (n = 209) | SARS-CoV-2 − (n = 374) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, year, mean ± SD | 84.8 ± 8.5 | 85.5 ± 8.1 | 84.4 ± 8.6 | 0.19 |
Sex, female, n (%) | 427 (72.9) | 152 (72.7) | 273 (73.0) | 0.94 |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.08 | |||
Current smoker | 11 (3.8) | 1 (1.1) | 9 (4.6) | |
Ex-smoker | 46 (15.8) | 20 (21.3) | 26 (13.3) | |
Non smoker | 234 (80.4) | 73 (77.7) | 160 (82.0) | |
Number of drugs, median (Q1, Q3) | 5 (4, 7) | 7 (5, 10) | 5 (3, 7) | <0.001 |
Total number of chronic diseases, median (Q1, Q3) (available for n = 594) | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 4) | 2 (1, 4) | 0.002 |
Chronic diseases, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
0, 1, 2 | 224 (38.2) | 57 (27.3) | 167 (44.7) | |
3+ | 365 (61.8) | 152 (72.7) | 207 (55.3) | |
Worsening of mobility in the last month, n (%) (available for n = 271 residents) | 116 (42.8) | 67 (72.0) | 49 (27.5) | <0.001 |
SARS-CoV-2 + (n = 179) | SARS-CoV-2 − (n = 324) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
No symptoms, n (%) | 53 (29.6) | 203 (62.7) | <0.001 |
At least one symptom, n (%) | 126 (70.4) | 121 (37.3) | <0.001 |
Fever, n (%) | 70 (39.1) | 21 (6.5) | <0.001 |
Low-grade fever, n (%) | 64 (36.2) | 8 (2.5) | <0.001 |
Pharyngodynia, n (%) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (1.0) | 1.000 |
Cough, n (%) | 21 (12.4) | 16 (5.0) | 0.003 |
Sneezing, n (%) | 4 (2.3) | 6 (1.9) | 0.72 |
Dyspnoea, n (%) | 46 (26.1) | 18 (5.7) | <0.001 |
Low oxygen saturation after walking, n (%) | 2 (2.0) | 6 (2.1) | 1.000 |
Low oxygen saturation at rest (<90%), n (%) | 37 (29.6) | 15 (4.9) | <0.001 |
S 02 %, mean±SD | 95 (93, 96) | 97 (96, 98) | <0.001 |
Weakness/Prostration, n (%) | 52 (32.1) | 41 (12.7) | <0.001 |
Fall or fainted, n (%) | 1 (0.9) | 7 (2.3) | 0.69 |
Muscles aching, n (%) | 10 (6.6) | 13 (4.1) | 0.24 |
Delirium, n (%) | 49 (41.2) | 7 (2.3) | <0.001 |
Conjunctivitis, n (%) | 3 (1.8) | 5 (1.6) | 1.000 |
Loss of smell (if new), n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | -- |
Loss of taste, n (%) | 3 (2.2) | 2 (0.6) | 0.17 |
Anorexia, n (%) | 30 (27.0) | 20 (6.6) | <0.001 |
Nausea/vomiting, n (%) | 12 (7.2) | 4 (1.3) | 0.004 |
Diarrhea, n (%) | 36 (21.6) | 12 (3.8) | <0.001 |
Raynaud syndrome, n (%) | 4 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.005 |
Cutaneous symptoms, n (%) | 6 (5.1) | 2 (0.7) | 0.007 |
Sudden worsening of health status, n (%) | 43 (35.0) | 5 (1.6) | <0.001 |
Aphasia/dysnomia, n (%) | 1 (1.0) | 6 (2.0) | 0.68 |
Cognitive Impairment, n (%) | 27 (30.0) | 49 (16.3) | 0.004 |
Diuresis contraction, n (%) | 17 (14.2) | 5 (1.6) | <0.001 |
Urines of faeces incontinence, n (%) | 5 (4.5) | 47 (15.9) | 0.002 |
Unable to ask questions, n (%) | 3 (4.4) | 24 (9.2) | 0.21 |
Unable to fill a self-evaluation questionnaire, n (%) | 7 (10.6) | 35 (13.6) | 0.52 |
Number of symptoms, median (Q1, Q3) | 2 (0, 6) | 0 (0, 2) | <0.001 |
Number of symptoms, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
0 | 53 (29.6) | 203 (62.7) | |
1 | 25 (14.0) | 36 (11.1) | |
2+ | 101 (56.4) | 85 (26.2) |
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Malara, A.; Noale, M.; Abbatecola, A.M.; Borselli, G.; Cafariello, C.; Fumagalli, S.; Gareri, P.; Mossello, E.; Trevisan, C.; Volpato, S.; et al. COVID-19 Signs and Symptom Clusters in Long-Term Care Facility Residents: Data from the GeroCovid Observational Study. Reports 2022, 5, 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports5030030
Malara A, Noale M, Abbatecola AM, Borselli G, Cafariello C, Fumagalli S, Gareri P, Mossello E, Trevisan C, Volpato S, et al. COVID-19 Signs and Symptom Clusters in Long-Term Care Facility Residents: Data from the GeroCovid Observational Study. Reports. 2022; 5(3):30. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports5030030
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalara, Alba, Marianna Noale, Angela Marie Abbatecola, Gilda Borselli, Carmine Cafariello, Stefano Fumagalli, Pietro Gareri, Enrico Mossello, Caterina Trevisan, Stefano Volpato, and et al. 2022. "COVID-19 Signs and Symptom Clusters in Long-Term Care Facility Residents: Data from the GeroCovid Observational Study" Reports 5, no. 3: 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports5030030