Fire, Volume 5, Issue 4

Despite much research and applications, glass material and its use in buildings is still challenging for engineers due to its inherent brittleness and characteristic features such as sensitivity to stress concentrations, reduction in strength over ti...

Electrical apparatuses are prone to faults, which generally causes fires. During such fires, the identification of resolidified copper beads on wires has a strong influence on the direction of the fire investigation. There are four kinds of resolidif...

The study aims to develop a holistic framework for maximum area coverage of a disaster region during a bushfire event. The monitoring and detection of bushfires are essential to assess the extent of damage, its direction of spread, and action to be t...

Wildland fire literacy is the capacity for wildland fire professionals to understand and communicate fundamentals of fuel and fire behavior within the socio-ecological elements of the fire regime. While wildland fire literacy is best developed throug...

This study aimed to evaluate the egress safety in nursing hospitals based on the capacity of the smoke exhaust system. To this end, the available safe egress time was calculated by analyzing changes in visibility, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxy...

Wildfire is an important natural disturbance agent, shaping mixed conifer forest structure throughout the Southwestern United States. Yet, fire exclusion caused by late 19th century livestock grazing followed by human fire suppression has altered for...

Forest fires spread via production and combustion of pyrolysis gases in the understory. The goal of the present paper is to understand the spatial location, distribution, and fraction (relative to the overstory) of understory plants, in this case, sp...

The methodology used by the First Street Foundation Wildfire Model (FSF-WFM) to compute estimates of the 30-year, climate-adjusted aggregate wildfire hazard for the contiguous United States at 30 m horizontal resolution is presented. The FSF-WFM inte...

This paper presents work on investigating the effect of the initial size of water mist droplets on the evaporation and removal of heat from the fire-induced hot gas layer while travelling through the air in a compartment. The histories of the tempera...

Mediterranean Basin forest ecosystems are recurrently affected by wildfires. The occurrence of insect pests following fire may be a critical factor affecting tree survival and forest recovery. Although ambrosia beetles are viewed with increasing conc...

The numerical simulation method is used to simulate the distribution characteristics of the smoke temperature field of a double-deck bridge smoke temperature field during tanker fire under natural ventilation. The influence of the distance between do...

While developing a standard for the determination of safety characteristics for hybrid mixtures the authors discovered, that, beside the ignition source, the mixing procedure is the main difference between the single-phase standards for dusts and gas...

Elucidating the characteristics of continuous oil spill fires for different slope conditions can provide important theoretical support for the prevention of, and rescue strategies during, oil spill fire accidents. For this research, we conducted expe...

Very few multi-species or ecosystem comparisons of post-fire vertebrate herbivore activity and food preference exist to inform fire management and conservation strategies. We inferred post-fire (1–3 years) native and introduced vertebrate herbi...

In seasonally dry environments, the amount of water held in living plant tissue—live fuel moisture (LFM)—is central to vegetation flammability. LFM-driven changes in wildfire size and frequency are particularly important throughout southe...

A significant amount of research has been conducted on the resource allocation in fire departments (RAFD) and literature reviews about the fire protection service (FPS), but to the best of our knowledge, no literature reviews have been conducted abou...

This study sought an effective detection method not only for flame but also for the smoke generated in the event of a fire. To this end, the flame region was pre-processed using the color conversion and corner detection method, and the smoke region c...

Combustible decks are identified as vulnerable components of buildings in wildfire-prone areas. In California, combustible deck boards can comply with the requirements of Chapter 7A of the California Building Code if they pass an under-deck flame-imp...

Wildfires are increasingly understood as an ecological driver within the entire Arctic biome. Arctic soils naturally store large quantities of C, as peat has formed throughout the Holocene. For the Siberian Arctic, we used observations from the MODIS...

Polyurethane material is used as an interior finish and wall cavity insulation. Flame-retardant products may be used for ignition, flame diffusion, and heat-release blocking. A large-scale test was conducted to understand the flame propagation charac...

Wildfires are not only a natural part of many ecosystems, but they can also have disastrous consequences for humans, including in Australia. Rugged terrain adds to the difficulty of predicting fire behavior and fire spread, as fires often propagate c...

This paper presents equations for fuel load and fuel hazard rating (FHR) models based on the time since last fire for dry eucalypt forests in eastern Tasmania. The fuel load equations predict the load of the surface/near-surface and elevated fine fue...

Longitudinal ventilation fans in extra-long submarine tunnels are usually arranged at both ends of the tunnel limited by the tunnel cross section, which is usually hindered by insufficient power caused by extra-long ventilation distances. In this pap...

In this study, a series of numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effect of fire shutter descending height on the smoke extraction efficiency in a large space atrium. Based on the full-scale fire experiments, this paper carried out...

Window sprinklers are commonly used to protect glass, but there is a lack of research on the effect of fire scale on protection. In this study, full-scale experiments on sprinkler-protected glass in building fires were carried out. The experimental p...

Fires can alter the hydraulic properties of burned soils through the consumption of organic matter on the ground surface. This study examined the effects of rainfall on the presence of soil pore clogging with varying ash layer thickness using laborat...

The island of Madagascar, located in the southern hemisphere between the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Indian Ocean, 450 km from the African continent, is particularly affected by wildfires. The vegetation of the phytogeographic Western...

The flow and dispersion characteristics of the fire extinguishing agent in the pipings and the concentration distribution in the nacelle are essential for optimizing the aircraft fire extinguishing system. In the present work, we developed a three-di...

Lightning is the main precursor of wildfires in Arizona, New Mexico, and Florida during the fire season. Forecasting the occurrence of Lightning-Ignited Wildfires (LIW) is an essential tool to reduce their impacts on the environment and society. Long...

In recent decades, wildfires in many areas of the United States (U.S.) have become larger and more frequent with increasing anthropogenic pressure, including interactions between climate, land-use change, and human ignitions. We aimed to characterize...

Fire is one of the significant drivers of vegetation loss and threat to Amazonian landscapes. It is estimated that fires cause about 30% of deforested areas, so the severity level is an important factor in determining the rate of vegetation recovery....

The susceptibility of plants to burn raises concerns about fire hazard that green roofs may pose to buildings. Main concerns relate to cases when such roofs are poorly maintained or stressed by drought conditions which leads to drying out of plants a...

It is common for fire engineers in the UK to consider a time-dependent series of events when using the Fire Dynamics Simulator to assess the performance of residential corridor smoke control systems. A significant proportion of this established timel...

Fire is one of the main disturbances in northeastern Patagonia. Wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe, threatening the sustainability of local ecosystems. Arachnids respond markedly to environmental modifications and can regulate processes...

The distribution characteristics of the temperature below ceilings in curved tunnel fires have not been quantitatively studied. A small-scale tunnel was constructed in this work to study the maximum temperature and longitudinal attenuation of the tem...

Although humans have interacted with wildfires for millennia, a science-based approach to fire management has evolved in recent decades. This paper reviews the development of fire-management research, focusing on publications that use this term in th...

Changing global fire regimes including extended fire seasons due to climate change may increase the co-occurrence of high-impact fires that overwhelm national fire suppression capacities. These shifts increase the demand for international resource sh...

Human use and management of fire in landscapes have a long history and vary globally in purpose and impact. Existing local research on how people use and manage fire is fragmented across multiple disciplines and is diverse in methods of data collecti...

The filling conditions and pipeline characteristics of the aircraft fire extinguishing system determine the pressure of the fire extinguishing cylinder outlet, the discharge quality of the extinguishing agent, and the flow distribution during the dis...

Fuel hazard estimates are vital for the prediction of fire behaviour and planning fuel treatment activities. Previous literature has highlighted the potential of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) to be used to assess fuel properties. However, operatio...