Determination of Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genus Sorghum Using Nuclear and Chloroplast Genome Assembly ^†

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is a multipurpose food crop which is ranked among the top five cereal crops in the world. It serves as a source of food, fodder, feed and bioenergy. The genus Sorghum consists of 25 species and is considered as a group of plants with enormous diversity. Crop wild relatives have played significant roles in assessing and utilizing genetic resources which is the fundamental step of crop improvement. Successful examples of introgression of novel alleles from the wild relatives of rice, wheat, maize and sugarcane have been reported, whereas studies on wild sorghum are limited. The wild genepool of sorghum harbours many useful genes for drought tolerance and disease resistance. However, the phylogenetic relationships in the genus remain unresolved due to the limited availability of sequencing data. The comparison of nuclear genomes along with the chloroplast genomes of sorghum species would expand this knowledge and aid in using these potential genetic resources as well as resolving the vague phylogeny of the genus. Todate the chloroplast genome of only four sorghum species have been sequenced. This first of its kind study aims to determine the phylogenetic relationships in the genus Sorghum by means of nuclear and chloroplast genome sequencing and assembly of all the 25 known Sorghum species. This effort would undoubtedly be a significant step towards exploiting the hidden genetic resources of sorghum in crop improvement.