Host Immune Responses to Clostridioides difficile Infection and Potential Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Overview of Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI)
1.2. Public Health Significance of CDI
1.3. The Challenge of CDI Recurrence
2. Host Immune Response to C. difficile Infection
2.1. Innate Immune Response
2.2. Adaptive Immune Response
3. Microbiome-Based Treatment Approach to Treat CDI
3.1. Probiotics
3.2. Live Biotherapeutics
3.3. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)
4. Active and Passive Immunization Strategies against CDI
5. Conclusions and Future Direction
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alam, M.Z.; Markantonis, J.E.; Fallon, J.T. Host Immune Responses to Clostridioides difficile Infection and Potential Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8, 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8120506
Alam MZ, Markantonis JE, Fallon JT. Host Immune Responses to Clostridioides difficile Infection and Potential Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2023; 8(12):506. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8120506
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlam, Md Zahidul, John E. Markantonis, and John T. Fallon. 2023. "Host Immune Responses to Clostridioides difficile Infection and Potential Novel Therapeutic Approaches" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 12: 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8120506