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Article

Changes in Exercise Performance in Patients During a 6-Week Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Program and Associated Effects on Depressive Symptoms

by
Philipp Birnbaumer
1,†,
Claudia Traunmüller
2,*,†,
Christian Natmessnig
3,
Birgit Senft
3,
Caroline Jaritz
3,
Sigurd Hochfellner
3,
Andreas Schwerdtfeger
2 and
Peter Hofmann
1
1
Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport & Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
2
Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
3
Private Clinic for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, St. Radegund, Sanlas Holding, 8061 St. Radegund, Austria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9(4), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040233
Submission received: 21 October 2024 / Revised: 6 November 2024 / Accepted: 8 November 2024 / Published: 13 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Exercise for Health Promotion)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: The impact of exercise on affective disorders has been demonstrated in various studies. However, almost no data are available on performance effects. Therefore, this study investigated exercise performance related to the severity of depression symptoms in a pre–post within-subjects design in a 6-week standard inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation program. Methods: A total of 53 individuals (20 female; mean age, 40.98 ± 11.33) with a primary diagnosis of depression performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) to obtain maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal power output (Pmax), and the first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1, VT2) at the start and the end of the rehabilitation. Degree of depression was assessed by Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Brief Symptom Inventory test (BSI). Overall activity was measured by accelerometer step-counts. Results: Mean total step-count per day during rehabilitation was high (12,586 ± 2819 steps/day). Patients’ BDI and BSI at entry were 21.6 ± 8.83 and 65.1 ± 6.8, respectively, and decreased significantly (p < 0.001) following rehabilitation, to 10.1 ± 9.5 and 54.5 ± 11.3, respectively. Pmax and VO2max increased significantly (p < 0.001) from entry values (182.6 ± 58.7 W, 29.74 ± 5.92 mL·kg−1·min−1) following rehabilitation: by 11.91 ± 12.09 W and 1.35 ± 2.78 mL·kg−1·min−1, respectively. VT1 and VT2 showed a similar behavior. An increase in physical performance could predict improvement in BDI (R2 = 0.104, F(1,48) = 5.582, p = 0.022) but not in BSI. Conclusions: The program was associated with improved mental health status in all patients and increased performance in the majority of patients, although increases were small. Since improvements in exercise performance may be positively related to depression symptoms and comorbidities, it is recommended to individualize and tailor exercise programs, which could yield larger effects.
Keywords: exercise training; cardiorespiratory fitness; cardiopulmonary exercise test; mental health; psychiatric rehabilitation; psychological distress exercise training; cardiorespiratory fitness; cardiopulmonary exercise test; mental health; psychiatric rehabilitation; psychological distress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Birnbaumer, P.; Traunmüller, C.; Natmessnig, C.; Senft, B.; Jaritz, C.; Hochfellner, S.; Schwerdtfeger, A.; Hofmann, P. Changes in Exercise Performance in Patients During a 6-Week Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Program and Associated Effects on Depressive Symptoms. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9, 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040233

AMA Style

Birnbaumer P, Traunmüller C, Natmessnig C, Senft B, Jaritz C, Hochfellner S, Schwerdtfeger A, Hofmann P. Changes in Exercise Performance in Patients During a 6-Week Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Program and Associated Effects on Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2024; 9(4):233. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040233

Chicago/Turabian Style

Birnbaumer, Philipp, Claudia Traunmüller, Christian Natmessnig, Birgit Senft, Caroline Jaritz, Sigurd Hochfellner, Andreas Schwerdtfeger, and Peter Hofmann. 2024. "Changes in Exercise Performance in Patients During a 6-Week Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Program and Associated Effects on Depressive Symptoms" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 4: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040233

APA Style

Birnbaumer, P., Traunmüller, C., Natmessnig, C., Senft, B., Jaritz, C., Hochfellner, S., Schwerdtfeger, A., & Hofmann, P. (2024). Changes in Exercise Performance in Patients During a 6-Week Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Program and Associated Effects on Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 9(4), 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040233

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