Is a Fishing Moratorium Needed in Lake Honghu, Southern China? A Stomach Content Analysis of the Anchovy (Coilia brachygnathus)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Fish Sampling and Gut Content Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Food Items in Gut Contents
3.2. Size-Related Dietary Variation
4. Discussion
4.1. Dietary Variation of Anchovies in Lake Honghu
4.2. Plant-Origin Food Items
4.3. No Need for a Fishing Ban
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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November | January | June | October | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Items | %O | %N | %O | %N | %O | %N | %O | %N |
Calanus sp. | 75.20 | 23.33 | 54.17 | 23.02 | 51.16 | 20.55 | 76.66 | 23.61 |
Nauplii | 66.43 | 19.22 | 37.75 | 19.16 | 46.99 | 21.84 | 67.23 | 23.22 |
Bosmina sp. | 45.57 | 0.57 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Alona sp. | - | - | - | - | - | - | 35.42 | 1.64 |
Brachionus calyciflorus | 50.98 | 15.83 | 30.59 | 21.66 | 59.67 | 28.64 | 43.98 | 10.07 |
Brachionus angularis | 44.64 | 8.48 | 31.37 | 14.94 | - | - | 39.88 | 12.06 |
Brachionus caudatus | 32.06 | 8.99 | - | - | - | - | 25.06 | 1.12 |
Keratella sp. | 11.61 | 8.65 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Tricocerca sp. | 15.77 | 2.18 | - | - | - | - | 6.25 | 2.1 |
Macrophytes | 60.76 | - | 70.34 | - | 58.46 | - | 65.28 | - |
Shrimps | 55.21 | 12.39 | 51.84 | 21.11 | 45.96 | 24.13 | 68.94 | 25.98 |
Unidentified | 10.23 | 0.36 | 9.85 | 0.11 | 8.96 | 4.84 | 8.53 | 0.2 |
Number of prey | 11 | 7 | 6 | 10 | ||||
Shannon–Wiener index | 2.25 | 1.85 | 1.7 | 2.09 | ||||
Pielou’s evenness index | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.91 |
Food Items | Fish Size Groups | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<125 mm TL | 125–235 mm TL | >235 mm TL | ||||
O% | %N | O% | %N | %O | %N | |
Calanus sp. | 57.35 | 27.02 | 76.10 | 30.55 | 58.33 | 35.69 |
nauplii | 64.50 | 26.16 | 76.29 | 26.74 | 23.61 | 15.63 |
Bosmina sp. | 23.11 | 0.13 | 47.06 | 0.04 | - | - |
Alona sp. | 9.60 | 1.81 | 30.64 | 1.77 | - | - |
Brachionus calyciflorus | 62.39 | 17.61 | 60.51 | 14.67 | - | - |
Brachionus angularis | 52.66 | 12.8 | 63.24 | 10.45 | - | - |
Brachionus caudatus | 22.38 | 6.1 | 36.03 | 5.06 | - | - |
Keratella sp. | 9.52 | 5.35 | 6.07 | 2.03 | - | - |
Tricocerca sp. | 9.52 | 2.11 | 20.34 | 1.9 | - | - |
Macrophytes | - | - | 45.15 | - | 77.08 | - |
Shrimps | - | - | 45.15 | 6.06 | 70.14 | 47.45 |
Unidentified | 6.55 | 0.91 | 6.66 | 0.73 | 6.23 | 1.23 |
Food Items | Number | Percent (%) | Total Length (mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min. | Max. | Mean | |||
Only shrimps | 3 | 0.38 | 248 | 308 | 283.2 |
Only macrophytes | 20 | 2.50 | 235 | 306 | 278.75 |
Macrophytes + shrimps | 14 | 1.75 | 181 | 359 | 247.71 |
Macrophytes + zooplankton + shrimps | 121 | 15.13 | 125 | 309 | 206.92 |
Macrophytes + zooplankton | 42 | 5.25 | 131 | 309 | 215 |
Sources | Df | SS | MS | Pseudo-F | P (perm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fish size | 2 | 32,593 | 16,297 | 685.52 | 0.001 |
Season | 3 | 1619.8 | 539.94 | 0.499 | 0.708 |
Fish size x season | 6 | 1436.1 | 239.35 | 0.199 | 0.989 |
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Melaku, A.Y.; Cao, L.; Shen, J.-Z.; Zhang, E. Is a Fishing Moratorium Needed in Lake Honghu, Southern China? A Stomach Content Analysis of the Anchovy (Coilia brachygnathus). Fishes 2023, 8, 501. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100501
Melaku AY, Cao L, Shen J-Z, Zhang E. Is a Fishing Moratorium Needed in Lake Honghu, Southern China? A Stomach Content Analysis of the Anchovy (Coilia brachygnathus). Fishes. 2023; 8(10):501. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100501
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelaku, Abelneh Yimer, Liang Cao, Jiang-Zhong Shen, and E Zhang. 2023. "Is a Fishing Moratorium Needed in Lake Honghu, Southern China? A Stomach Content Analysis of the Anchovy (Coilia brachygnathus)" Fishes 8, no. 10: 501. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100501
APA StyleMelaku, A. Y., Cao, L., Shen, J. -Z., & Zhang, E. (2023). Is a Fishing Moratorium Needed in Lake Honghu, Southern China? A Stomach Content Analysis of the Anchovy (Coilia brachygnathus). Fishes, 8(10), 501. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100501