Occupational Risks in a Brazilian Aluminum Forming Industry: Risk Analysis and Work Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Procedures
2.2. Theoretical Basis of the Research
2.3. Structured Sociodemographic Questionnaire
Identification of Pain
2.4. Measurements of Noise, Temperature, and Illuminance Indices in the Work Environment
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of the Company
Characterization of Functions and Processes
3.2. Analysis of Work Demands and Postures
3.3. Work Environment
3.3.1. Noise
3.3.2. Temperature
3.3.3. Illuminance
3.4. Result of Statistical Analyzes
3.4.1. Pearson Correlation and Tetrachoric Correlation
3.4.2. Cluster Analysis
4. Final Considerations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number of Publications | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Keywords | Scopus | Web of Science | Science Direct | PubMed |
“metal industry” AND “work accidents” | 7 | 0 | 29 | 5 |
self-perception at work AND “work accidents” | 7 | 6 | 480 | 5 |
physical pain and “accidents at work” AND “industry” | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
“work environment” AND “work accidents” | 137 | 39 | 489 | 21 |
accident statistics AND metal sector AND “occupational diseases” | 4 | 0 | 304 | 7 |
Total | 155 | 45 | 1306 | 38 |
Sex | Age (Years) | Company Times (Years) | Function | Number of Accidents in the Company |
---|---|---|---|---|
Female | 34 | 5 | Production assistant | 0 |
Female | 35 | 0.6 | Production assistant | 0 |
Female | 35 | 0.6 | Production assistant | 0 |
Female | 21 | 3 | Production assistant | 0 |
Female | 43 | 2 | Production assistant | 0 |
Female | 18 | 0.6 | Production assistant | 0 |
Female | 40 | 8 | Production assistant | 0 |
Female | 26 | 4 | Production assistant | 0 |
Female | 46 | 9 | Production assistant | 0 |
Male | 54 | 4 | Machine operater | 1 |
Male | 23 | 0.8 | Machine operater | 0 |
Male | 25 | 0.5 | Machine operater | 0 |
Female | 41 | 5 | Machine operater | 0 |
Male | 27 | 5 | Machine operater | 0 |
Male | 28 | 3 | Machine operater | 1 |
Male | 25 | 6 | Machine operater | 2 |
Male | 24 | 0.2 | Machine operater | 0 |
Female | 29 | 3 | Machine operater | 0 |
Male | 23 | 0.3 | Machine operater | 1 |
Male | 18 | 0.6 | Machine operater | 2 |
Male | 19 | 0.1 | Machine operater | 0 |
Male | 19 | 0.7 | Machine operater | 1 |
Male | 21 | 6 | Machine operater | 0 |
Male | 33 | 7 | Machine operater | 2 |
Male | 22 | 3 | Machine operater | 0 |
Male | 23 | 3 | Maintenance supervisor | 0 |
Female | 46 | 9 | Production assistant | 0 |
Female | 24 | 3 | Production assistant | 0 |
Female | 18 | 0.6 | Production assistant | 0 |
Male | 33 | 6 | Electrical technician | 1 |
Male | 28 | 5 | Mechanic | 1 |
Male | 28 | 5 | CNC lathe mechanic/operator | 0 |
Function | Noise (dB) | Recommended Maximum dB | Temperature (°C) | Recommended Maximum (°C) | Illuminance (lux) | Recommend-ed Maximum (lux) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CNC machining machine operator | 88.3 | 85 | 26.2 | 20–23 | 700 | 500 |
Maintenance Assistant | 88.3 | 85 | 25.7 | 20–23 | 430 | 300 |
Electromechanics | 88.3 | 85 | 24 | 20–23 | 430 | 300 |
Industrial mechanic | 88.3 | 85 | 24 | 20–23 | 430 | 300 |
Painting helper | 94.7 | 85 | 27 | 20–23 | 800 | 750 |
Organizer | 89.4 | 85 | 24.5 | 20–23 | 350 | 200 |
Production pointer | 81.1 | 85 | 24.5 | 20–23 | 350 | 300 |
Production assistant | 94.7 | 85 | 24.1 | 20–23 | 400 | 300 |
Responsible for the production line | 86.1 | 85 | 24 | 20–23 | 350 | 300 |
Expedition | 87.9 | 85 | 24 | 20–23 | 458 | 300 |
Production manager | 81.2 | 85 | 24.2 | 20–23 | 350 | 300 |
Production operator | 94.7 | 85 | 24.8 | 20–23 | 400 | 300 |
Production supervisor | 81.2 | 85 | 24.5 | 20–23 | 350 | 300 |
Security technician | 86.7 | 85 | 24.3 | 20–23 | 473 | 500 |
Driver | 78.2 | 85 | 25 | 20–23 | 458 | 300 |
Truck driver | 78.2 | 85 | 25 | 20–23 | 458 | 300 |
Warehouse assistant | 84.9 | 85 | 24.5 | 20–23 | 350 | 200 |
Function | Average (dB) | Standard Deviation (dB) | Function | Average (dB) | Standard Deviation (dB) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CNC machining machine operator | 8.8 | 0.1 | In charge of the production line | 86.1 | 0.2 |
Maintenance assistant | 8.8 | 0.3 | Expedition | 8.7 | 0.1 |
Electromechanics | 8.8 | 0.0 | Production manager | 8.1 | 0.2 |
Industrial mechanic | 88.3 | 0.1 | Production operator | 94.7 | 0.3 |
Painting helper | 94.7 | 0.1 | Production supervisor | 81.2 | 1.1 |
Warehouse | 8.9 | 0.2 | Security technician | 86.7 | 0.1 |
Production pointer | 8.1 | 0.2 | Driver | 7.8 | 0.3 |
Warehouse assistant | 8.4 | 0.3 | Truck driver | 7.8 | 0.3 |
Production assistant | 94.7 | 0.07 | - | - | - |
Source of Variation | Degrees of Freedom | Sum of Squares | Mean Square | F | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sector | 2 | 259.9 | 129.9 | 6.7 | 0.0 |
Residual | 45 | 869.1 | 19.3 | - | - |
Sectors | Difference Between Means | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Production— Maintenance | −0.7 | −4.3 | 2.8 | 0.8 |
Transport— Maintenance | −10.0 | −16 | −3.2 | 0.0 |
Transport— Production | −9.3 | −15.7 | −2.8 | 0.0 |
Function | Confidence Interval for Temperature (°C) |
---|---|
CNC machining machine operator | 25.7–26.6 |
Maintenance Assistant | 25.6–25.9 |
Electromechanical | 23.7–24.3 |
Industrial mechanic | 23.6–24.4 |
Painting helper | 26.4–27.7 |
Warehouse | 23.2–25.8 |
Production pointer | 23.2–25.8 |
Warehouse assistant | 23.2–25.8 |
Production assistant | 23.7–24.5 |
In charge of the production line | 23.6–24.4 |
Expedition | 23.3–24.7 |
Production manager | 23.5–24.8 |
Production operator | 23.8–25.7 |
Production supervisor | 24.4–24.7 |
Security technician | 24.1–24.4 |
Driver | 24.5–25.6 |
Truck driver | 24.5–25.6 |
Function | Confidence Interval for Illuminance (LUX) |
---|---|
CNC machining machine operator | 697.5–702.4 |
Maintenance assistant | 426.6–434.5 |
Electromechanical | 425.0–434.9 |
Industrial mechanic | 425.0–434.9 |
Painting helper | 799.1–801.7 |
Warehouse | 350.0–350.0 |
Production pointer | 350.0–350.0 |
Warehouse assistant | 350.0–350.0 |
Production assistant | 398.0–401.5 |
In charge of the production line | 349.8–350.2 |
Expedition | 454.7–463.1 |
Production manager | 350.0–350.0 |
Production operator | 399.3–401.1 |
Production supervisor | 349.2–351.1 |
Security technician | 466.7–479.2 |
Driver | 457.5–458.4 |
Truck driver | 457.5–458.4 |
Individual | Sex | Age | Time in the Role (Years) | R | Individual | Sex | Age | Time in the Role (Years) | R |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p1 | 0 | 48 | 9 | 0 | p17 | 0 | 24 | 0.16 | 0 |
p2 | 1 | 34 | 15 | 0 | p18 | 1 | 21 | 3 | 0 |
p3 | 0 | 54 | 11 | 0 | p19 | 1 | 43 | 2 | 0 |
p4 | 0 | 23 | 0.6 | 0 | p20 | 1 | 29 | 3 | 0 |
p5 | 1 | 25 | 0.4 | 0 | p21 | 1 | 18 | 6 | 0 |
p6 | 1 | 35 | 0.5 | 0 | p22 | 0 | 23 | 0.25 | 1 |
p7 | 1 | 35 | 0.5 | 0 | p23 | 0 | 18 | 0.5 | 2 |
p8 | 1 | 41 | 0.41 | 0 | p24 | 0 | 19 | 0.83 | 0 |
p9 | 0 | 27 | 5 | 1 | p25 | 0 | 19 | 0.58 | 1 |
p10 | 0 | 28 | 2 | 1 | p26 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 0 |
p11 | 0 | 23 | 1 | 0 | p27 | 0 | 32 | 6 | 0 |
p12 | 0 | 28 | 3 | 1 | p28 | 1 | 26 | 4 | 0 |
p13 | 0 | 28 | 5 | 0 | p29 | 1 | 46 | 9 | 0 |
p14 | 0 | 33 | 6 | 1 | p30 | 0 | 33 | 7 | 2 |
p15 | 0 | 22 | 3 | 0 | p31 | 1 | 24 | 3 | 0 |
p16 | 0 | 25 | 6 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
Association | Student Test | Degrees of Freedom | p-Value | Confidence Intervals | Correlation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Answer—Factor 1 | −31.1 | 29 | 0.004 | −0.7–0.1 | −0.5 |
Answer—Factor 2 | −1.4 | 29 | 0.166 | −0.5–0.1 | −0.2 |
Answer—Factor 3 | −0.5 | 29 | 0.875 | −0.3–0.3 | −0.0 |
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Mezoni, M.F.; de Paula Xavier, A.A.; Oro, S.R.; Ribas Pessa, S.L.; Schmidt de Oliveira, M.; Steffen, V. Occupational Risks in a Brazilian Aluminum Forming Industry: Risk Analysis and Work Environment. Safety 2025, 11, 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020030
Mezoni MF, de Paula Xavier AA, Oro SR, Ribas Pessa SL, Schmidt de Oliveira M, Steffen V. Occupational Risks in a Brazilian Aluminum Forming Industry: Risk Analysis and Work Environment. Safety. 2025; 11(2):30. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020030
Chicago/Turabian StyleMezoni, Maressa Fontana, Antonio Augusto de Paula Xavier, Sheila Regina Oro, Sergio Luiz Ribas Pessa, Maiquiel Schmidt de Oliveira, and Vilmar Steffen. 2025. "Occupational Risks in a Brazilian Aluminum Forming Industry: Risk Analysis and Work Environment" Safety 11, no. 2: 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020030
APA StyleMezoni, M. F., de Paula Xavier, A. A., Oro, S. R., Ribas Pessa, S. L., Schmidt de Oliveira, M., & Steffen, V. (2025). Occupational Risks in a Brazilian Aluminum Forming Industry: Risk Analysis and Work Environment. Safety, 11(2), 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020030