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Volume 11
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A MOF-Mediated Strategy for In Situ Niobium Doping and Synthesis of High-Performance Single-Crystal Ni-Rich Cathodes

by
Yinkun Gao
,
Huazhang Zhou
,
Shumin Liu
,
Shuyun Guan
,
Mingyang Liu
,
Peng Gao
,
Yongming Zhu
and
Xudong Li
*
Department of Applied Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Batteries 2025, 11(10), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11100368 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 12 September 2025 / Revised: 1 October 2025 / Accepted: 3 October 2025 / Published: 5 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Battery Materials and Interfaces: Anode, Cathode, Separators and Electrolytes or Others)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The development of single-crystal Ni-rich layered cathode materials (SC-NCMs) is regarded as an effective strategy to address the mechanical failure issues commonly associated with polycrystalline counterparts. However, the industrial production of SC-NCM faces challenges such as lengthy processing steps, high manufacturing costs, and inconsistent product quality. In this study, we innovatively propose a metal/organic framework (MOF)-mediated one-step synthesis strategy to achieve controllable structural preparation and in situ Nb5+ doping in SC-NCM. Using a Ni–Co–Mn-based MOF as both precursor and self-template, we precisely regulated the thermal treatment pathway to guide the nucleation and oriented growth of high-density SC-NCM particles. Simultaneously, Nb5+ was pre-anchored within the MOF framework, enabling atomic-level homogeneous doping into the transition metal layers during crystal growth. Exceptional electrochemical performance is revealed in the in situ Nb-doped SC-NCM, with an initial discharge capacity reaching 176 mAh/g at a 1C rate and a remarkable capacity retention of 86.36% maintained after 200 cycles. This study paves a versatile and innovative pathway for the design of high-stability, high-energy-density cathode materials via a MOF-mediated synthesis strategy, enabling precise manipulation of both morphology and chemical composition.
Keywords: lithium-ion battery; single-crystal; Ni-rich cathode material; metal/organic framework; in situ doping lithium-ion battery; single-crystal; Ni-rich cathode material; metal/organic framework; in situ doping

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gao, Y.; Zhou, H.; Liu, S.; Guan, S.; Liu, M.; Gao, P.; Zhu, Y.; Li, X. A MOF-Mediated Strategy for In Situ Niobium Doping and Synthesis of High-Performance Single-Crystal Ni-Rich Cathodes. Batteries 2025, 11, 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11100368

AMA Style

Gao Y, Zhou H, Liu S, Guan S, Liu M, Gao P, Zhu Y, Li X. A MOF-Mediated Strategy for In Situ Niobium Doping and Synthesis of High-Performance Single-Crystal Ni-Rich Cathodes. Batteries. 2025; 11(10):368. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11100368

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gao, Yinkun, Huazhang Zhou, Shumin Liu, Shuyun Guan, Mingyang Liu, Peng Gao, Yongming Zhu, and Xudong Li. 2025. "A MOF-Mediated Strategy for In Situ Niobium Doping and Synthesis of High-Performance Single-Crystal Ni-Rich Cathodes" Batteries 11, no. 10: 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11100368

APA Style

Gao, Y., Zhou, H., Liu, S., Guan, S., Liu, M., Gao, P., Zhu, Y., & Li, X. (2025). A MOF-Mediated Strategy for In Situ Niobium Doping and Synthesis of High-Performance Single-Crystal Ni-Rich Cathodes. Batteries, 11(10), 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11100368

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