COVID-19 Infection among Older People Admitted to Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All, N = 26 | Alive, N = 20 | Death, N = 6 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p | |
Age, mean (SD) years | 76.2(8.2) | 74.5(7.6) | 81.8(8.0) | 0.053 |
Female | 15(57.7%) | 12(60.0%) | 3(50.0%) | >0.999 |
Nursing home resident | 8(30.8%) | 5(25.0%) | 3(50.0%) | 0.330 |
BADL a independent | 15(57.7%) | 13(65.0%) | 2(33.3%) | 0.348 |
Ambulation with aids/wheelchair | 12(46.2%) | 8(40.0%) | 4(66.7%) | 0.365 |
Clinical Frailty Scale ≥ 4 | 13(50.0%) | 8(40.0%) | 5(83.3%) | 0.160 |
Hospital-acquired COVID-19 | 9(34.6%) | 5(25.0%) | 4(66.7%) | 0.138 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes Mellitus | 16(61.5%) | 14(70.0%) | 2(33.3%) | 0.163 |
Hypertension | 22(84.6%) | 19(95.0%) | 3(50.0%) | 0.028 |
IHD/CCF b | 5(19.2%) | 5(25.0%) | 0 | 0.298 |
Chronic kidney disease | 5(19.2%) | 3(15.0%) | 2(33.3%) | 0.558 |
Dementia | 8(30.8%) | 4(20.0%) | 4(66.7%) | 0.051 |
Stroke | 8(30.8%) | 5(25.0%) | 3(50.0%) | 0.330 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 6.0(3.5–7.0) | 6.0(3.0–7.0) | 5.5(4.0–7.3) | 0.458 |
Use of ARB/ACE-I c- before admission | 12(46.2%) | 11(55.0%) | 1(16.7%) | 0.170 |
Presenting symptoms | ||||
Symptomatic on admission | 23(88.5%) | 17(85.0%) | 6(100.0%) | >0.999 |
Fever | 11(42.3%) | 8(40.0%) | 3(50.0%) | >0.999 |
Respiratory symptoms d | 14(53.8%) | 12(60.0%) | 2(33.3%) | 0.365 |
Gastrointestinal symptoms e | 9(34.6%) | 9(45.0%) | 0 | 0.063 |
Loss of appetite | 10(38.5%) | 9(45.0%) | 1(16.7%) | 0.352 |
Lethargy | 10(38.5%) | 6(30.0%) | 4(66.7%) | 0.163 |
Delirium on presentation | 7(26.9%) | 3(15.0%) | 4(66.7%) | 0.028 |
Laboratory parameters | ||||
Haemoglobin, g/dL, mean (SD) | 12.15(2.48) | 12.09(1.91) | 12.38(4.27) | 0.889 |
White cell count ×109 L, median (Q1–Q3) | 6.90(5.90–9.90) | 6.60(5.30–7.88) | 8.10(6.16–13.10) | 0.628 |
Absolute lymphocyte count ×109 L, median (Q1–Q3) | 1.28(1.03–2.11) | 1.41(1.11–2.29) | 1.00(0.91–1.41) | 0.061 |
Absolute neutrophil count ×109 L, median (Q1–Q3) | 4.02(3.11–6.60) | 3.93(2.68–5.21) | 6.60(4.62–10.58) | 0.031 |
Urea, mmol/L, median (Q1–Q3) | 6.8(5.3–12.4) | 6.9(4.4–15.3) | 8.0(6.3–13.0) | 0.724 |
Creatinine, mmol/L median (IQR) | 78.0(68.0–103.0) | 89.0(52.5–114.5) | 78.0(73.5–149.5) | 0.667 |
Albumin, g/L, mean (SD) | 29.0(7.6) | 29.6(5.9) | 26.8(12.0) | 0.079 |
Ferritin, ng/mL, median (Q1–Q3) | 561(360–1174) | 556(360–784) | 1176(574–2224) | 0.090 |
C-Reactive Protein, mg/L, median (Q1–Q3) | 21.3(11.4–127.4) | 19.9(11.4–39.2) | 168.0(39.1–211.7) | 0.073 |
Lowest Ct-value f, mean(SD) | 22.35(5.29) | 23.11(5.77) | 19.58(1.56) | 0.032 |
Treatment | ||||
Concomitant antibiotic use | 18(69.2%) | 13(65.0%) | 5(83.3%) | 0.628 |
COVID-19 targeted therapy | 12(46.2%) | 11(55.0%) | 1(16.7%) | 0.170 |
VTE g prophylaxis | 9(34.6%) | 8(40.0%) | 1(16.7%) | 0.380 |
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Thiam, C.N.; Hasmukharay, K.; Lim, W.C.; Ng, C.C.; Pang, G.H.M.; Abdullah, A.; Saedon, N.I.; Khor, H.M.; Ong, T. COVID-19 Infection among Older People Admitted to Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Geriatrics 2021, 6, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6010025
Thiam CN, Hasmukharay K, Lim WC, Ng CC, Pang GHM, Abdullah A, Saedon NI, Khor HM, Ong T. COVID-19 Infection among Older People Admitted to Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Geriatrics. 2021; 6(1):25. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6010025
Chicago/Turabian StyleThiam, Chiann Ni, Kejal Hasmukharay, Wan Chieh Lim, Chai Chen Ng, Gordon Hwa Mang Pang, Aimy Abdullah, Nor Izzati Saedon, Hui Min Khor, and Terence Ong. 2021. "COVID-19 Infection among Older People Admitted to Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Analysis" Geriatrics 6, no. 1: 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6010025