Physiological Indicators of Acute and Chronic Stress in Securely and Insecurely Attached Dogs Undergoing a Strange Situation Procedure (SSP): Preliminary Results
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.1.1. Demographics of Secure Dogs and Their Owners
2.1.2. Demographics of Insecure Dogs and Their Owners
2.2. Experimental Setting
2.3. Experimental Procedure
2.4. Collection Procedure for the Dog’s Physiological Parameters
2.4.1. Saliva
2.4.2. Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate and Rectal Temperature
2.4.3. Hair
2.5. Attachment Style Classification
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dog | Breed | Size | Sex | Age (Years) | Owner’s Gender | Owner’s Age | Attachment Style |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Boxer | Large | Female | 6 | Female | 27 | Insecure |
2 | Mixbreed | Large | Male | 4 | Female | 27 | Insecure |
3 | Australian Shepherd | Medium | Female | 2 | Female | 25 | Insecure |
4 | Maltese | Small | Female (s) | 5 | Female | 59 | Insecure |
5 | Labrador Retriever | Large | Female (s) | 7 | Female | 59 | Insecure |
6 | Jack Russell Terrier | Small | Female | 5 | Female | 50 | Insecure |
7 | Mixbreed | Large | Male (n) | 6 | Male | 26 | Insecure |
8 | Mixbreed | Medium | Male (n) | 4 | Female | 61 | Insecure |
9 | Mixbreed | Large | Male (n) | 2 | Male | 22 | Insecure |
10 | Lagotto Romagnolo | Medium | Female (s) | 4 | Female | 31 | Insecure |
11 | Bernese Mountain Dog | Large | Male | 3 | Male | 22 | Secure |
12 | Labrador Retriever | Medium | Female (s) | 10 | Female | 23 | Secure |
13 | Golden Retriever | Large | Female (s) | 6 | Female | 49 | Secure |
14 | Mixbreed | Small | Male | 7 | Female | 20 | Secure |
15 | Australian Shepherd | Medium | Female (s) | 4 | Male | 48 | Secure |
16 | Cocker Spaniel | Medium | Female | 5 | Female | 59 | Secure |
17 | Cavalier King Charles Spaniel | Small | Female | 3 | Male | 45 | Secure |
18 | Labrador Retriever | Medium | Female (s) | 3 | Female | 19 | Secure |
19 | Mixbreed | Medium | Female (s) | 9 | Female | 27 | Secure |
20 | Mixbreed | Large | Male | 3 | Male | 26 | Secure |
Physiological Variables | Secure Dogs | Insecure Dogs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Min–Max | Mean (S.E.) | Min–Max | Mean (S.E.) | |
Salivary cortisol at T0 (ng/mL) | 0.09–0.27 | 0.14 (0.01) | 0.14–0.40 | 0.22 (0.24) |
Salivary cortisol at T1 (ng/mL) | 0.09–0.35 | 0.16 (0.02) | 0.11–0.54 | 0.26 (0.03) |
Hair cortisol (pg/mg) | 3.81–11.07 | 6.55 (0.77) | 2.34–20.93 | 7.10 (1.84) |
Heart rate (pulse/min) | 73–120 | 98.10 (5.24) | 82–144 | 114.20 (6.78) |
Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 77–119 | 88.60 (4.39) | 67–104 | 89.10 (3.86) |
Rectal temperature (°Celsius) | 38.0–39.1 | 38.76 (0.10) | 38.3–40.1 | 39.1 (0.21) |
Normopneic (%) | Tachypneic (%) | Normopneic (%) | Tachypneic (%) | |
Respiratory rate | 4 (40) | 6 (60) | 1 (10) | 9 (90) |
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Riggio, G.; Borrelli, C.; Campera, M.; Gazzano, A.; Mariti, C. Physiological Indicators of Acute and Chronic Stress in Securely and Insecurely Attached Dogs Undergoing a Strange Situation Procedure (SSP): Preliminary Results. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 519. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100519
Riggio G, Borrelli C, Campera M, Gazzano A, Mariti C. Physiological Indicators of Acute and Chronic Stress in Securely and Insecurely Attached Dogs Undergoing a Strange Situation Procedure (SSP): Preliminary Results. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(10):519. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100519
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiggio, Giacomo, Carmen Borrelli, Marco Campera, Angelo Gazzano, and Chiara Mariti. 2022. "Physiological Indicators of Acute and Chronic Stress in Securely and Insecurely Attached Dogs Undergoing a Strange Situation Procedure (SSP): Preliminary Results" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 10: 519. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100519