Effect of Beta-Carotene Supplementation on the Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarker and Antibody Titer against Live Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Japanese Black Calves
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Measurements and Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Weeks of Age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4 | 8 | 12 | ||
Amount (Dry Matter) | |||||
Milk Replacer | (kg) | 0.72 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.00 |
Concentrate | (kg) | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.85 |
Hey (Oats) | (kg) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
Composition (Dry Basis) | |||||
Crude Protein | (%) | 30.6 | 30.1 | 26.8 | 18.6 |
Crude Fat | (%) | 15.7 | 15.2 | 11.6 | 2.6 |
Total Digestible Nutrients | (%) | 101.1 | 100.1 | 92.9 | 74.8 |
Zinc | mg/day | 71.8 | 94.0 | 124.4 | 61 |
Retinol | mg/day | 18.9 | 18.3 | 14.1 | 3.5 |
Beta-Carotene | mg/day | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.1 |
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Otomaru, K.; Ogawa, R.; Oishi, S.; Iwamoto, Y.; Hong, H.; Nagai, K.; Hyakutake, K.; Kubota, C.; Kaneshige, T. Effect of Beta-Carotene Supplementation on the Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarker and Antibody Titer against Live Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Japanese Black Calves. Vet. Sci. 2018, 5, 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5040102
Otomaru K, Ogawa R, Oishi S, Iwamoto Y, Hong H, Nagai K, Hyakutake K, Kubota C, Kaneshige T. Effect of Beta-Carotene Supplementation on the Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarker and Antibody Titer against Live Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Japanese Black Calves. Veterinary Sciences. 2018; 5(4):102. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5040102
Chicago/Turabian StyleOtomaru, Konosuke, Rei Ogawa, Shoko Oishi, Yuki Iwamoto, Hyeyoung Hong, Kathuhisa Nagai, Koji Hyakutake, Chikara Kubota, and Takahiro Kaneshige. 2018. "Effect of Beta-Carotene Supplementation on the Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarker and Antibody Titer against Live Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Japanese Black Calves" Veterinary Sciences 5, no. 4: 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5040102