Characterization of Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Carcasses in Catering Services in Northern Greece
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Microbiological Examination
2.3. Determination of the Susceptibility of Isolates to Antibiotics
2.4. Combination Disk Test
2.5. PCR Screening of Isolates
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target | Primer Sequence (5′ to 3′) | Size (bp) |
---|---|---|
blaTEM genes | CGC CGC ATA CAC TAT TCT CAG AAT GA | 445 |
ACG CTC ACC GGC TCC AGA TTT AT | ||
blaSHV genes | CTT TAT CGG CCC TCA CTC AA | 237 |
AGG TGC TCA TCA TGG GAA AG | ||
blaCTX-M genes | ATG TGC AGY ACC AGT AAR GTK ATG GC | 593 |
TGG GTR AAR TAR GTS ACC AGA AYC AGC GG | ||
blaOXA genes | ACA CAA TAC ATA TCA ACT TCG C | 813 |
AGT GTG TTT AGA ATG GTG ATC |
No. of Antibiotics against Which Resistance Was Detected | No. of Isolates | Resistance Phenotype | β-Lactam Resistance Phenotype | ESBL Gene Class | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESBL | AmpC | Unknown | blaTEM | blaCTX-M | blaTEM/blaCTX-M | |||
9 | 18 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, TOB, CN, SXT, AMK, AMC | 12 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
8 | 12 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, TOB, CN, AMK, AMC | 8 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | 6 |
10 | 11 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, TOB, CN, SXT, CAF, AMK, AMC | 8 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
8 | 11 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, TOB, CN, SXT, AMC | 9 | 2 | - | 5 | 2 | 3 |
9 | 9 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, TOB, CN, CAF, AMK, AMC | 7 | 2 | - | 2 | 3 | 2 |
8 | 9 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, TOB, CN, CAF, AMC | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | - |
7 | 9 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, TOB, CN, AMK, AMC | 7 | - | 2 | - | 5 | 2 |
8 | 8 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, TOB, CN, CAF, AMK, AMC | 6 | 2 | - | - | 3 | 2 |
6 | 6 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, TOB, CN, AMC | 3 | 3 | - | - | 2 | - |
8 | 3 | AMP, CAZ, CIP, TOB, CN, SXT, AMK, AMC | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | - | - |
9 | 2 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, MEM, CIP, TOB, SXT, AMK, AMC | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
7 | 2 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CN, CAF, AMK, AMC | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
8 | 2 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, TOB, SXT, CAF, AMC | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | - |
8 | 2 | CTX, CAZ, CIP, TOB, SXT, CAF, AMK, AMC | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
9 | 1 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, TOB, CN, SXT, CAF, AMC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
7 | 2 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, CN, AMK, AMC | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
7 | 1 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, CN, CAF, AMC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
6 | 2 | AMP, CAZ, TOB, CN, CAF, AMC | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
6 | 1 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, CN, AMC | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
6 | 2 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, SXT, AMC | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
6 | 2 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, TOB, SXT, AMC | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
7 | 2 | AMP, CAZ, CIP, TOB, CN, CAF, AMC | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
7 | 1 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, CIP, TOB, CN, AMC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
7 | 1 | AMP, CTX, CAZ, TOB, CN, CAF, AMC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
4 | 1 | AMP, CAF, AMK, AMC | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
120 | 86 | 24 | 10 | 26 | 23 | 36 |
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Economou, V.; Delis, G.; Stavrou, D.; Gousia, P.; Tsitsos, A.; Mantzios, T.; Chouliara, E.; Kolovos, N.; Soultos, N. Characterization of Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Carcasses in Catering Services in Northern Greece. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080487
Economou V, Delis G, Stavrou D, Gousia P, Tsitsos A, Mantzios T, Chouliara E, Kolovos N, Soultos N. Characterization of Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Carcasses in Catering Services in Northern Greece. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(8):487. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080487
Chicago/Turabian StyleEconomou, Vangelis, Georgios Delis, Dimitra Stavrou, Panagiota Gousia, Anestis Tsitsos, Tilemachos Mantzios, Eirini Chouliara, Nikolaos Kolovos, and Nikolaos Soultos. 2023. "Characterization of Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Carcasses in Catering Services in Northern Greece" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 8: 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080487
APA StyleEconomou, V., Delis, G., Stavrou, D., Gousia, P., Tsitsos, A., Mantzios, T., Chouliara, E., Kolovos, N., & Soultos, N. (2023). Characterization of Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Carcasses in Catering Services in Northern Greece. Veterinary Sciences, 10(8), 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080487