Search Results (3,018)

The deployment of heterogeneous Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) in smart manufacturing requires control strategies that can accommodate distinct actuation characteristics and constraints. This paper proposes a Multi-Factor Coupled Parameter-Adaptive Model Predictive Control (MFCP-AMPC) framework. Unlike conventional approaches requiring vehicle-specific tuning, this framework unifies differential-drive, dual-steer, and mecanum-wheel platforms under a single parameter-varying state-space model that respects the specific actuation limits of each topology. A key contribution is the multi-factor coupling mechanism that dynamically adjusts the prediction horizon and weighting matrices based on path curvature, vehicle speed, and tracking error. Experiments on industrial AGV prototypes demonstrate that the framework achieves robust tracking precision under varying payloads. Crucially, by acknowledging physical limits, the framework achieves strict millimeter-level accuracy (RMSE < 7 mm) in quasi-static low-speed complex maneuvers ($v\le 0.3$ m/s), and maintains highly competitive industrial precision (RMSE ≈ 15∼25 mm) under aggressive high-speed tracking ($v\ge 1.0$ m/s). Crucially, the proposed method significantly improves the control input smoothness (Smoothness Index > 0.75), thereby reducing mechanical wear and preventing actuator saturation. Real-time validation (12 ms average solve time on an Intel i7 IPC) confirms its suitability for resource-constrained industrial controllers. Full article

Aging is associated with disturbances in brain energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress, all of which increase neuronal vulnerability and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Growing evidence indicates that physical exercise exerts neuroprotective effects through the release of exerkines–exercise-induced signaling molecules that mediate communication between peripheral tissues and the brain. Among them, irisin, a proteolytic cleavage product of the membrane protein FNDC5, has emerged as an important mediator of the muscle–brain axis. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying irisin activity in the central nervous system, with particular emphasis on the AMPK–PGC-1α–FNDC5/BDNF signaling axis, rapid receptor-mediated pathways involving the cAMP/PKA/CREB and ERK/CREB cascades, and the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, including biogenesis, dynamics, autophagy, and mitophagy. Experimental studies suggest that irisin may improve neuroplasticity, neuronal survival, mitochondrial function, and reduce oxidative stress, thereby alleviating cognitive deficits in models of aging and neurodegeneration. Although the precise receptor mechanisms and intracellular signaling events remain incompletely understood, accumulating evidence identifies irisin as a promising therapeutic target linking metabolic adaptation with neuroprotection. Further investigation of irisin-dependent pathways may facilitate the development of novel strategies aimed at preserving brain function and delaying the progression of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Full article

Glaucoma, characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell degeneration and optic nerve damage, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Multiple risk factors influence the pathogenesis and progression of glaucoma. Food-derived bioactive components have emerged as a new area of interest to overcome the limitations of current standard treatments due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and multi-target mechanisms. In this context, various plant-derived foods, such as Lycium barbarum, Ganoderma lucidum, Cryptotanshinone, Scutellaria baicalensis, Silybum marianum, Astragalus membranaceus, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, Crocus sativus, and resveratrol, have shown potential mechanisms for treating glaucoma. These bioactive components may address oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and elevated intraocular pressure, which may be due to the modulation of multiple signaling pathways, including JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK/CREB, cAMP/PKA/CREB, and others. However, further clinical trials are needed to validate dosage, bioavailability, and long-term safety. This review highlights the potential of bioactive components from plant-derived foods, offering a reference for further investigation into their effects on glaucoma. Full article

Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in companion animals is an emerging public health threat due to zoonotic potential and limited therapeutic options. Dogs with otitis externa may harbor multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), and Enterobacter cloacae complex (E. cloacae complex), some producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or AmpC β-lactamases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, AMR patterns, MDR occurrence, β-lactamase production, and co-infection profiles of these pathogens in canine otitis externa. Methods: Ear canal samples were collected from 592 dogs presenting clinical signs of otitis externa, with one sample per dog included in the analysis. Samples were collected from veterinary clinics in Timiș County, Romania, from 2022 to 2025. Samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar, followed by biochemical testing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for bacterial identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 15 agents across six classes was performed using the VITEK^® 2 system. MDR and β-lactamase production (ESBL, AmpC) were determined according to CLSI 2018 veterinary guidelines. Co-isolation with bacterial and fungal species were recorded. Results: E. coli, P. mirabilis, and E. cloacae complex were isolated in 9.12%, 6.25%, and 1.2% of cases, respectively. E. coli exhibited the highest resistance to aminoglycosides (tobramycin 72.2%, gentamicin 61.1%) and full susceptibility to carbapenems. P. mirabilis showed the highest resistance to ampicillin (54%) and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (46%), with complete susceptibility to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. E. cloacae complex displayed universal resistance to cephalosporins but remained susceptible to non-cephalosporin β-lactams (piperacillin–tazobactam), carbapenems and aminoglycosides. MDR prevalence was 35.2% for E. coli, 18.9% for P. mirabilis, and 14.3% for the E. cloacae complex. ESBL production was detected in 13% of E. coli and 8.1% of P. mirabilis isolates, while all E. cloacae complex isolates were AmpC-positive. Co-isolations were common, primarily involving Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S. pseudintermedius) and Malassezia pachydermatis (M. pachydermatis). Conclusions: MDR and β-lactamase-producing bacteria were identified in dogs with otitis externa, emphasizing the importance of routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing, targeted therapy based on local resistance profiles, and continuous AMR surveillance to prevent treatment failure and mitigate zoonotic risk. Full article

Real-time performance and adaptability are critical factors influencing the safety and stability of autonomous vehicle trajectory tracking. Therefore, enhancing these aspects is essential for improving driving safety. This paper proposes a trajectory tracking control method for autonomous vehicles based on an adaptive model parameter correction controller (MPACC). First, by integrating the variable universe fuzzy control (VUFC) principle with a model predictive controller (MPC), a variable universe fuzzy model predictive controller (VUFMPC) is designed. This controller enables adaptive adjustment of MPC weighting coefficients, thereby effectively improving the real-time capability and adaptability of the MPC. Second, an adaptive square root cubature Kalman filter (ASRCKF) tire lateral force estimator with adaptive scaling factors is introduced to obtain real-time tire cornering stiffness values as MPC parameters, achieving adaptive correction of the MPC parameters and forming an adaptive model predictive controller (AMPC). Furthermore, an MPACC is designed by integrating VUFMPC and AMPC. This controller allows for real-time adaptive correction of control parameters according to the vehicle’s driving state. Finally, hardware in loop (HIL) tests are conducted for comparative analysis. The results demonstrate that the proposed MPACC exhibits excellent real-time performance and adaptability, while effectively balancing trajectory tracking accuracy and driving stability of autonomous vehicles. Full article

Ginkgetin (GK) is a naturally occurring biflavonoid predominantly isolated from Ginkgo biloba and has attracted increasing attention because of its broad pharmacological activities. Structurally, GK belongs to the 3′-8″-linked biflavone subclass, which distinguishes it from other biflavonoids like amentoflavone (the parent compound of this subclass) and its monomeric counterparts such as apigenin. This unique C-C linked dimeric architecture confers distinct molecular planarity and lipophilicity, contributing to its enhanced membrane permeability and multitarget engagement capabilities. GK has been shown to exert pleiotropic biological effects in preclinical studies, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, metabolic regulatory and antibacterial activities. Mechanistically, preclinical evidence indicates that GK functions as a multitarget modulator of key signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death and tissue remodeling, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1), nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK/STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs), AMP-activated protein kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin(AMPK/mTOR), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes(cGAS–STING). Notably, GK has been observed to display context-dependent regulation of cell fate decisions, including apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis, thereby enabling the selective elimination of pathological cells while preserving normal tissue function. Preclinical studies further demonstrate that GK exhibits therapeutic potential across diverse disease systems, including cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and musculoskeletal diseases. In addition, emerging evidence highlights its antibacterial and antivirulence properties through the inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing. It is crucial to note, however, that this promising profile is predominantly derived from preclinical studies, and clinical evidence in humans remains to be established. Despite these promising findings, the clinical translation of GK remains limited by challenges related to pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and druggability. This review systematically summarizes the chemical characteristics, pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms of GK, with an emphasis on its multitarget actions and therapeutic potential across disease systems, and discusses current limitations and future perspectives to facilitate the rational development of GK-based interventions. Full article

Background/Objectives: Escherichia coli is a ubiquitous commensal organism in humans, animals, and the environment, but certain strains harbour virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants that can cause significant disease. Food-producing animals, including dairy cattle, may act as reservoirs for AMR E. coli, and raw milk and raw milk products can serve as potential exposure pathways to humans. However, data on the prevalence and genomic characteristics of AMR E. coli in raw milk in Ireland are limited. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of commensal and clinically relevant AMR E. coli in raw milk and raw milk dairy products in Ireland and to characterise their antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics. Methods: A total of 139 raw milk and raw milk dairy product samples were collected and analysed for commensal E. coli and fluoroquinolone-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing E. coli. AMR patterns were determined in line with EU surveillance guidelines based on the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines which use minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted on selected isolates to identify AMR genes (ARG), virulence factors, plasmid replicons, efflux pump, disinfectant resistance genes, multi-locus sequence types (MLSTs) and phylogenetic diversity. Results: A total of forty-seven E. coli isolates were recovered (33.8% isolation rate). Thirteen isolates exhibited resistance to between two and nine antimicrobials, with twelve classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). The highest resistance frequencies were to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and tetracycline. Four fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates, one ESBL producer (bla_CTX-M-3), and one carrying a AmpC promoter mutation were identified; no carbapenemase producers were detected. WGS revealed diverse sequence types, multiple virulence determinants, plasmid replicons, intrinsic efflux pump genes, and limited presence of the disinfectant resistance gene qacEΔ1. Conclusions: Raw milk and raw milk dairy products in Ireland can harbour AMR E. coli, including MDR and potentially pathogenic strains, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance within the dairy supply chain. Full article

Objective: Based on previous findings on the Lingguizhugan (LGZG)-mediated gut–liver axis, this study clarifies the therapeutic mechanisms of LGZG in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), with a focus on the gut microbiota–bile acid–TGR5 (GPBAR1) axis. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce MASLD, followed by 4-week LGZG intervention (21.57 g/kg/day, oral gavage). Metabolic phenotypes, gut microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing), serum/hepatic bile acids (targeted metabolomics), and molecular targets (qPCR/Western blot) were analyzed. Results: LGZG significantly alleviated HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, while enhancing whole-body energy expenditure (increased oxygen consumption (VO₂), and heat production (p < 0.05). It also reduced serum ALT (p < 0.001) and AST levels (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, LGZG remodeled the gut microbiota, specifically increasing Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A236_group while decreasing Lactobacillus. This shift inhibited the intestinal FXR-Fgf15 axis, concurrently activating the hepatic alternative bile acid synthesis pathway (upregulating CYP27A1 and CYP7B1 protein expression; p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Consequently, systemic accumulation of non-12α-hydroxylated bile acids (non-12-OH BAs) such as hyocholic acid (HCA) and 7-ketolithocholic acid (7-ketoLCA) occurred—known TGR5 agonists and intestinal FXR antagonists. These changes elevated serum GLP-1 levels (p < 0.05) and activated adipose TGR5-cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling. The metabolic benefits primarily originated from non-12-OH BAs enrichment and TGR5-mediated adipose browning, not hepatic FXR activation. Conclusions: Our findings show that LGZG ameliorates MASLD by remodeling bile acid profiles via intestinal FXR-Fgf15 axis inhibition and hepatic alternative synthesis pathway activation. This study highlights the TGR5-targeting properties of LGZG, providing a mechanistic basis for its therapeutic use in metabolic disorders. Full article

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent infections in hospitalized and outpatient settings, where Escherichia coli is the predominant pathogen. Conventional diagnostic and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods are time-consuming, often requiring 48 h, leading to empirical antibiotic therapy and contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). FASTinov^® developed a rapid phenotypic method that enables AST directly from urine samples within two hours using flow cytometry. In this study, 154 inoculated urine samples were analyzed to evaluate the performance of two diagnostic panels: FASTgramneg for Gram-negative bacteria and FASTgrampos for Gram-positive bacteria. Data analysis was performed using bioFAST^® software (version 3.0), providing results in accordance with EUCAST guidelines. The FASTgramneg panel allows detection of resistance mechanisms, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and screening of AmpC β-lactamases and carbapenemases; the FASTgrampos panel additionally determines the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus. Overall agreement with conventional AST methods was 97.5% for Gram-negative bacteria and 95.0% for Gram-positive bacteria. All resistance mechanisms were correctly identified with no false positives. The essential agreement for vancomycin’s MIC was 95.2%, with a BIAS of +14.3%. Reproducibility was 99.5% for FASTgramneg and 95.0% for FASTgrampos. These results demonstrate that the FASTinov^® kit significantly reduces turnaround time while maintaining high accuracy, supporting improved UTI management and antimicrobial stewardship. Full article

Cheliped regeneration in the E. sinensis is a tightly regulated physiological process, yet the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism during regeneration remain unclear. In this study, we combined morphological observation with transcriptomic analysis to systematically investigate the regenerative stage characteristics and sex-related differences. The papilla stage 4 dpa was identified as a pivotal transitional stage, bridging initial wound healing and cellular dedifferentiation (2 dpa) with subsequent redifferentiation and morphogenesis (7 dpa). Morphological sex-based differences characterized by larger regenerating chelipeds in males became prominent by the late stage (28 dpa). Notably, the molecular foundation of sexual dimorphism was found to be established at 4 dpa, significantly preceding the emergence of phenotypic differences. This early divergence was driven by sex-dimorphic endocrine networks: males exhibited preferential expression of genes such as Fem-1c-like, Cyp2L1-like, CpAMP1A-like and Nedd4-like, while females showed enrichment in elevated aromatase activity. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified the Hox gene Antp as a core hub regulator, exhibiting high co-expression with key epidermal-related genes such as Cht6, Cht2-like and more. Its suppressed expression at 2 dpa aligned with the requirements for dedifferentiation, whereas its peak at 4 dpa indicated a crucial role in orchestrating appendage patterning and exoskeleton assembly. RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of Antp resulted in obscured differentiation between the propodus and carpus in both sexes and confirmed its regulatory control over downstream targets including Ubx, Bmp2-like, and CpAMP1A-like. This study suggests a putative hierarchical regulatory model in which systemic hormonal signals may integrate Antp and other sex-biased regulators to potentially facilitate structured limb regeneration. These findings offer tentative novel insights into the interplay between developmental plasticity and sex-based regulatory divergence in decapod crustaceans. Full article

Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning remains a severe environmental challenge that needs to be addressed. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional alkanolamines for CO₂ capture applications due to their lower volatility and reduced corrosion potential. In this work, two tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB)-based systems were synthesized using different hydrogen bond donors: 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) at a 1:1 molar ratio and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) at a 1:2 molar ratio. FTIR spectroscopic analysis confirmed that TBAB-AMP (1:1) forms a true DES through hydrogen bonding interactions, whereas TBAB-PTSA (1:2) undergoes proton transfer to form an ionic salt. CO₂ solubility measurements were conducted using the pressure drop method up to 15 bar at 30 °C. The TBAB-AMP system exhibited a CO₂ uptake of 0.194 mol CO₂/mol DES at 14.7 bar, approximately 2.5-fold higher than the TBAB-PTSA system, which achieved 0.079 mol/mol at 14.5 bar. Critical and thermophysical properties were estimated using the modified Lydersen–Joback–Reid, Lee–Kesler, and Haghbakhsh group-contribution methods. Viscosity measurements conducted from 30 to 50 °C revealed that TBAB-AMP exhibited significantly lower viscosity, ranging from 163 to 46 mPa·s, compared to TBAB-PTSA, which showed viscosity values between 536 and 155 mPa·s. The superior CO₂ capture performance of the amine-functionalized DES was attributed to favorable hydrogen-bonding interactions, lower viscosity, which enabled better mass transfer, and enhanced chemical affinity toward CO₂ through carbamate formation. Full article

Ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injuries may produce deleterious effects on hepatic tissue after liver surgery and transplantation. The consequences of IR are more evident in pathological steatotic livers. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is known for its potential to modulate inflammatory responses and enhance antioxidant defenses. The current investigation assessed whether spirulina pretreatment mitigates hepatic IR injury exacerbated by steatosis in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: sham, IR, HFD, HFD + IR, and SP1000 (HFD + IR + spirulina 1000 mg/kg/day; oral gavage). Liver injury, oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and inflammasome/pyroptosis-related markers were assessed using serum transaminases, hematoxylin–eosin staining, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR. High-fat diet-fed rats developed steatosis, which significantly worsened IR-induced liver damage, as shown by the respective steatosis histological score, the elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and higher expression of inflammatory markers, including Toll-like receptor (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and inflammasome/pyroptosis-related transcripts, namely NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), interleukin-18 (IL18), and gasdermin D (GSDMD). Oxidative stress was exacerbated, as reflected by higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) expression, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression). Furthermore, HFD + IR upregulated sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expression and downregulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression. Spirulina supplementation significantly attenuated liver injury and transaminase release, reduced MDA, restored antioxidant parameters, downregulated inflammatory and inflammasome-related gene expression, and shifted both SREBP-1c and AMPK expressions toward control levels. Full article

Platelets are small circulating blood cells that mediate haemostasis and thrombosis. Platelets respond to vascular damage by adhesion, granule release, and aggregation. Healthy endothelial cells inhibit platelets through prostacyclin-induced cAMP signalling. Intracellular cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), a tetrameric kinase composed of two regulatory (R) and two catalytic (C) subunits. cAMP-binding triggers dissociation of C subunits from the PKA complex and phosphorylation of substrate proteins, which mediate platelet inhibition. The R subunits of PKA are known to be attached to A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), which enable subcellular compartmentalisation of cAMP signalling. Proteomics have identified 22 AKAPs in platelets, but only a few of these have been studied in detail. This review summarises current knowledge about platelet AKAPs, including studies done regarding other cells. Possible integration of AKAPs into platelet signalling is explored with a focus on subcellular localisation, interaction partners, and PKA-mediated substrate phosphorylation. As main platelet compartments, the plasma membrane, endosomes, mitochondria, the Golgi, the dense tubular system, and the cytoskeleton are considered. Potential roles of individual AKAPs in platelet inhibition are discussed, and open questions in the field are defined. Full article

The plugging of fractured gas reservoirs with severe lost circulation during oil and gas drilling and production has long been challenged by technical issues such as low plugging strength and short effective duration. This paper reports the preparation of a high-strength supramolecular gel plugging agent via micellar copolymerization based on the synergistic effects of hydrophobic association and hydrogen bonding. Systematic optimization determined the optimal synthesis formula: acrylamide (AM) 12%, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) 2%, stearyl methacrylate (SMA) 0.4%, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 1.5%, and potassium persulfate 0.3%, with a reaction temperature of 60 °C. Performance evaluations revealed that the gel possesses a controllable gelation time (120 min) and excellent viscoelastic recovery properties. At a compressive strain of 87%, the compressive stress reached 1.43 MPa while maintaining structural integrity. Swelling behavior analysis indicated that the gel follows a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism, with its swelling process governed by the synergistic interplay of water molecule diffusion and polymer network relaxation. Core plugging experiments demonstrated that the gel achieved plugging efficiencies exceeding 95% for cores with permeabilities ranging from 0.18 to 0.90 μm², with a maximum breakthrough pressure gradient of up to 11.48 MPa/m. These results highlight the gel’s efficient and broad-spectrum plugging capability for fractured lost circulation zones. This preliminary study provides experimental foundations for the material design and performance optimization of supramolecular gel-based long-lasting plugging agents for severe lost circulation gas reservoirs, and further field-scale validation is required for engineering application. Full article

Pertussis toxin (PTx) is a major virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis and an AB5-type exotoxin that disrupts host signaling. Its enzymatic A subunit ADP-ribosylates the α-subunit of inhibitory G proteins (Gα_i), preventing them from mediating receptor-induced inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC). This leads to unrestrained cAMP accumulation in host cells, a canonical mechanism underlying many pertussis disease manifestations. PTx works in concert with the bacterium’s adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) to subvert immune defenses and establish infection. Interestingly, PTx exerts both cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent effects. In addition to the well-known cAMP-mediated pathway, PTx’s B oligomer can engage host cell surface receptors to trigger signaling cascades independent of the A subunit’s catalytic activity. Such B oligomer-mediated pathways modulate cellular responses in the absence of ADP-ribosylation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of PTx’s dual functionality, distinguishing its G_i protein-dependent elevation of cAMP from the noncanonical activities of the B oligomer. It also highlights how disruption of constitutive G_i signaling and the interplay between PTx and ACT shape host–pathogen interaction in pertussis pathogenesis. Full article