Clinical Assessment of Thermotherapy Applications during Hepatectomy and Laparotomy in Sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus): Impact on Bioparameter Variations Based on Liver Condition
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fish
2.2. Anesthesia and Euthanasia
2.3. Hepatectomy
2.4. Hematological Analysis
2.5. Histological Analysis
2.6. Image and Statistics Analysis
2.7. Data Curation with Liver Condition
3. Results
3.1. Condition Factors and Hepatosomatic Index
3.1.1. Condition Factor (CF)
3.1.2. Hepatosomatic Index (HSI)
3.2. Anesthesia and Recovery Time
3.3. Hematological Analysis
3.4. Histological Analysis
3.5. Image Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Conditions | Status 1 | Negative Control I (18 °C) | Negative Control II (28 °C) | Control I (18 °C) | Control II (28 °C) | Hepatectomy I (18 °C) | Hepatectomy II (28 °C) | Laparotomy I (18 °C) | Laparotomy II (28 °C) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass (g) | Pre | 154.2 ± 34.7 | 156.6 ± 39.3 | 151.3 ± 28.0 | 160.4 ± 33.7 | 145.0 ± 41.6 | 153.7 ± 31.6 | 152.6 ± 37.5 | 145.1 ± 49.3 | |
End | 151.4 ± 33.7 | 153.9 ± 38.1 | 146.8 ± 25.6 | 156.9 ± 32.8 | 136.0 ± 43.8 | 137.7 ± 28.4 | 146.3 ± 38.6 | 131.3 ± 44.5 | ||
Length (cm) | Pre | 27.7 ± 2.7 | 27.4 ± 3.3 | 28.6 ± 2.8 | 27.9 ± 2.6 | 27.9 ± 2.4 | 28.7 ± 1.9 | 28.7 ± 2.2 | 27.6 ± 3.3 | |
End | 27.6 ± 2.7 | 27.3 ± 3.3 | 28.6 ± 2.8 | 27.9 ± 2.6 | 28.4 ± 2.3 | 28.7 ± 1.9 | 28.9 ± 2.4 | 27.8 ± 3.5 | ||
Condition Factor | Pre | 0.72 ± 0.05 | 0.76 ± 0.11 | 0.64 ± 0.05 | 0.73 ± 0.06 | 0.65 ± 0.04 | 0.64 ± 0.01 | 0.63 ± 0.04 | 0.67 ± 0.04 | |
End | 0.72 ± 0.06 | 0.76 ± 0.11 | 0.59 ± 0.04 | 0.72 ± 0.06 | 0.58 ± 0.05 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 0.59 ± 0.05 | 0.59 ± 0.05 | ||
Hepatosomatic index (%) | End | 1.03 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.21 | 1.11 ± 0.20 | 0.97 ± 0.15 | 0.97 ± 0.20 | 0.70 ± 0.15 | 0.97 ± 020 | 0.70 ± 0.11 | |
Temperature (°C) | - | 18 ± 0.5 | 28 ± 0.7 | 18 ± 0.5 | 28 ± 0.7 | 18 ± 0.5 | 28 ± 0.7 | 18 ± 0.5 | 28 ± 0.7 | |
DO * (mg/L) | - | 9 ± 0.1 | 7.6 ± 0.1 | 9 ± 0.1 | 7.6 ± 0.1 | 9 ± 0.1 | 7.6 ± 0.1 | 9 ± 0.1 | 7.6 ± 0.1 | |
pH | - | 6.5 ± 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.1 | |
Time (seconds) | Anesthesia | Pre | - | - | 785.2 ± 113.8 | 808.5 ± 62.1 | 731.5 ± 204.1 | 777.3 ± 217.7 | 941.2 ± 264.8 | 690.0 ± 153.7 |
End | - | - | 436.0 ± 41.2 | 445.3 ± 36.0 | 481.7 ± 121.4 | 749.7 ± 323.5 | 560.0 ± 138.3 | 795.8 ± 277.4 | ||
Handling | Pre | 306.7 ± 26.4 | 297.8 ± 26.9 | 305.5 ± 39.6 | 300.3 ± 14.6 | 621.5 ± 51.5 | 543.5 ± 17.6 | 492.5 ± 20.5 | 479.5 ± 23.8 | |
Recovery | Pre | - | - | 1034.2 ± 295.3 | 828.3 ± 139.6 | 762.0 ± 335.6 | 229.5 ± 58.0 | 449.5 ± 182.7 | 263.3 ± 126.1 |
Parameters | Status 1 | Negative Control I (18 °C) | Negative Control II (28 °C) | Control I (18 °C) | Control II (28 °C) | Hepatectomy I (18 °C) | Hepatectomy II (28 °C) | Laparotomy I (18 °C) | Laparotomy II (28 °C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hematocrits (%) | Pre | 28.8 ± 3.0 | 30.0 ± 1.5 | 28.5 ± 4.4 | 28.2 ± 1.3 | 26.7 ± 2.8 | 29.8 ± 1.2 | 29.7 ± 5.8 | 27.2 ±3.9 |
End | 12.0 ± 1.4 | 19.0 ± 2.5 | 12.5 ± 1.6 | 19.2 ± 2.3 | 9.2 ± 4.2 | 18.2 ± 1.6 | 15.2 ± 2.8 | 19.2 ± 3.2 | |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | Pre | 8.53 ± 1.28 | 8.43 ± 0.37 | 6.86 ± 0.45 | 8.39 ± 0.71 | 6.49 ± 0.81 | 8.44 ± 0.88 | 7.59 ± 0.69 | 8.04 ± 0.93 |
End | 4.07 ± 0.39 | 5.88 ± 0.73 | 4.07 ± 0.44 | 5.89 ± 1.14 | 3.84 ± 0.86 | 5.33 ± 0.58 | 4.91 ± 0.99 | 5.62 ± 0.67 | |
Cortisol (ng/mL) | Pre | 5.82 ± 1.42 | 5.52 ± 1.85 | 14.51 ± 3.29 | 15.78 ± 5.75 | 13.06 ± 5.93 | 15.36 ± 4.97 | 18.82 ± 9.50 | 14.41 ± 5.12 |
End | 6.06 ± 1.60 | 5.28 ± 1.64 | 18.54 ± 4.11 | 18.24 ± 5.13 | 13.67 ± 4.71 | 18.06 ± 6.76 | 14.53 ± 3.89 | 16.31 ± 6.32 | |
ALP (U/L) | Pre | 17.89 ± 1.81 | 18.05 ± 2.04 | 18.10 ± 1.75 | 18.21 ± 2.15 | 13.42 ± 2.42 | 13.95 ± 3.84 | 12.96 ± 0.98 | 15.24 ± 5.56 |
End | 10.53 ± 2.41 | 10.44 ± 2.06 | 10.67 ± 2.25 | 10.42 ± 2.15 | 9.49 ± 1.55 | 9.45 ± 1.36 | 8.36 ± 1.56 | 10.51 ± 2.28 | |
Complement activity (%) | Pre | 3.59 ± 1.05 | 3.74 ± 0.72 | 3.67 ± 1.07 | 3.58 ± 1.27 | 2.98 ± 0.47 | 3.00 ± 1.01 | 2.89 ± 1.00 | 5.08 ± 2.96 |
End | 5.57 ± 1.68 | 5.61 ± 1.58 | 5.75 ± 1.46 | 4.74 ± 0.74 | 4.83 ± 1.61 | 5.06 ± 2.06 | 5.02 ± 2.13 | 5.69 ± 2.51 | |
GOT (U/L) | Pre | 224.77 ± 18.50 | 224.74 ± 18.06 | 224.92 ± 18.20 | 224.75 ± 18.06 | 224.83 ± 39.73 | 217.36 ± 18.82 | 219.79 ± 34.45 | 206.51 ± 11.33 |
End | 191.42 ± 29.13 | 191.40 ± 28.86 | 191.24 ± 29.05 | 191.33 ± 28.95 | 182.40 ± 35.91 | 165.10 ± 20.05 | 171.91 ± 40.29 | 185.17 ± 37.58 | |
GPT (U/L) | Pre | 51.37 ± 14.71 | 51.20 ± 14.45 | 51.41 ± 14.59 | 51.12 ± 14.61 | 42.43 ± 14.11 | 31.05 ± 7.70 | 47.62 ± 26.18 | 36.21 ± 10.07 |
End | 20.42 ± 8.22 | 20.36 ± 8.18 | 20.46 ± 7.99 | 20.15 ± 8.27 | 21.85 ± 9.22 | 20.18 ± 4.50 | 22.16 ± 14.63 | 21.07 ± 5.20 | |
Lysozyme Activity (units/mL) | Pre | 2.19 ± 1.04 | 5.78 ± 3.12 | 3.64 ± 2.97 | 5.09 ± 3.42 | 3.29 ± 1.57 | 3.75 ± 1.84 | 2.87 ± 1.21 | 4.44 ± 1.58 |
End | 3.71 ± 1.09 | 3.73 ± 2.53 | 4.54 ± 2.24 | 3.88 ± 1.46 | 6.33 ± 5.09 | 3.54 ± 2.70 | 5.78 ± 3.68 | 2.94 ± 1.60 | |
TP (g/dL) | Pre | 0.80 ± 0.20 | 0.80 ± 0.19 | 0.79 ± 0.21 | 0.78 ± 0.20 | 0.84 ± 0.29 | 1.09 ± 0.23 | 0.93 ± 0.28 | 1.13 ± 0.45 |
End | 0.51 ± 0.09 | 0.52 ± 0.09 | 0.52 ± 0.09 | 0.52 ± 0.09 | 0.61 ± 0.25 | 0.47 ± 0.17 | 0.54 ± 0.31 | 0.36 ± 0.12 |
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Kang, G.; Woo, W.-S.; Kim, K.-H.; Son, H.-J.; Sohn, M.-Y.; Kong, H.J.; Kim, Y.-O.; Kim, D.-G.; Kim, E.M.; Noh, E.S.; et al. Clinical Assessment of Thermotherapy Applications during Hepatectomy and Laparotomy in Sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus): Impact on Bioparameter Variations Based on Liver Condition. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10120682
Kang G, Woo W-S, Kim K-H, Son H-J, Sohn M-Y, Kong HJ, Kim Y-O, Kim D-G, Kim EM, Noh ES, et al. Clinical Assessment of Thermotherapy Applications during Hepatectomy and Laparotomy in Sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus): Impact on Bioparameter Variations Based on Liver Condition. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(12):682. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10120682
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Gyoungsik, Won-Sik Woo, Kyung-Ho Kim, Ha-Jeong Son, Min-Young Sohn, Hee Jeong Kong, Young-Ok Kim, Dong-Gyun Kim, Eun Mi Kim, Eun Soo Noh, and et al. 2023. "Clinical Assessment of Thermotherapy Applications during Hepatectomy and Laparotomy in Sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus): Impact on Bioparameter Variations Based on Liver Condition" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 12: 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10120682