Ecological Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Coastal Sediments in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Evaluation and Selection of Data
2.1.1. Environmental Concentration Data of Pollutants
2.1.2. Environmental Toxicity Information
2.2. Derivation of Sediment Quality Benchmarks Using the Phase Equilibrium Distribution Method
2.3. Ecological Risk Assessment
2.3.1. First Level: Quotient Value Method
2.3.2. Second Level: Semi-Probability Method
2.3.3. Third Level: Semi-Probability Method for Optimization
2.3.4. Fourth Level: Joint Probability Curves
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Distribution of Pesticides in China’s Coastal Sediments
3.2. Toxic Effects of Pesticide Pollutants
3.3. Risk Characterizations
3.3.1. First Level: Quotient Value Method
3.3.2. Second Level: Semi-Probability Method
3.3.3. Third Level: Semi-Probability Method for Optimization
3.3.4. Joint Probability Curve Method
3.3.5. Comparing the Risk Assessment Results Generated Using the Four Methods
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Nine kinds of pesticide pollutants are widespread in China’s coastal sediments, with concentrations ranging from 0.01 ng·L−1 to 330 ng·L−1.
- (2)
- The first-level quotient method assessment showed that the risk quotients of the nine chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants were ranked in descending order as endosulfan, DDT, PCBs, lindane, chlordane, HCB, α-HCH, β-HCH, and mirex. Among these pollutants, endosulfan and DDT posed a medium environmental risk to the sediments in the coastal waters of China, and PCBs posed a medium risk in some bays of the East China Sea. The second-level semi-probability assessment showed that endosulfan, DDT, lindane, and PCBs should be considered as priority pollutants. The semi-probability evaluation results of the third-level optimization show that the focus should be on the ecological risks of endosulfan, DDT, PCBs, and lindane in China’s coastal sediments, especially endosulfan and DDT. The four-level joint probability curve method assessment shows that endosulfan and DDT have a low risk of chronic effects on aquatic organisms.
- (3)
- Based on the four evaluation methods, this study concludes that endosulfan and DDT pose environmental risks to China’s coastal sediments.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemicals | Endpoint | Concentration (ng·L−1) | AF | WQC | PNECsediment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDT | NOEC | 5 | 10 | 0.5 | 4.9 |
β-HCH | NOEC | 32,000 | 10 | 3200 | 27,646 |
HCB | NOEC | 96.6 | 10 | 9.66 | 193 |
α-HCH | EC50 | 65,000 | 100 | 650 | 5616 |
Lindane | NOEC | 10 | 10 | 1 | 8.6 |
Endosulfan | NOEC | 0.1 | 10 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
Chlordane | LOEC | 1 | 20 | 0.05 | 27.5 |
PCBs | LOEC | 15 | 20 | 0.75 | 58.5 |
Mirex | EC50 | 12,000 | 100 | 120 | 841,820 |
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Wang, J.; Zhao, Q.; Gao, F.; Wang, Z.; Li, M.; Li, H.; Wang, Y. Ecological Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Coastal Sediments in China. Toxics 2024, 12, 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12020114
Wang J, Zhao Q, Gao F, Wang Z, Li M, Li H, Wang Y. Ecological Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Coastal Sediments in China. Toxics. 2024; 12(2):114. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12020114
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Jie, Qi Zhao, Fu Gao, Ziye Wang, Mingrui Li, Haiming Li, and Yizhe Wang. 2024. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Coastal Sediments in China" Toxics 12, no. 2: 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12020114