Molecular Mechanisms of Selenium Mitigating Lead Toxicity in Chickens via Mitochondrial Pathway: Selenoproteins, Oxidative Stress, HSPs, and Apoptosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Model
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. The Detection of Oxidative Stress Indexes
2.4. Microstructural Observation
2.5. Ultrastructural Observation
2.6. The Detection of Genes at the Transcriptional Level
2.6.1. Primers
2.6.2. Total RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis
2.6.3. PCR Amplification
2.7. The Calculation of Integrated Biomarker Response Value
2.8. Multivariate Correlation Analysis and Principal Component Analysis
2.9. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Morphological Structural Changes
3.2. H2O2 Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities
3.3. mRNA Levels of Txnrds and HSPs
3.4. mRNA Levels of Apoptosis-Related Genes
3.5. IBR Values for Txnrds, Oxidative Stress Indexes, HSPs, and Apoptosis-Related Genes
3.6. Correlation Matrix of All Measured Factors
3.7. PCA Results of the Seventeen Factors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Organs | Principal Component | Initial Eigenvalues | Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | % of Variance | Cumulative % | Total | % of Variance | Cumulative % | ||
cerebellum | 1 | 14.644 | 91.523 | 91.523 | 14.644 | 91.523 | 91.523 |
2 | 0.365 | 2.283 | 93.805 | ||||
3 | 0.302 | 1.886 | 95.692 | ||||
4 | 0.152 | 0.948 | 96.639 | ||||
5 | 0.143 | 0.892 | 97.532 | ||||
6 | 0.100 | 0.624 | 98.155 | ||||
7 | 0.074 | 0.464 | 98.619 | ||||
8 | 0.055 | 0.345 | 98.963 | ||||
9 | 0.051 | 0.317 | 99.280 | ||||
10 | 0.032 | 0.199 | 99.479 | ||||
11 | 0.031 | 0.191 | 99.671 | ||||
12 | 0.014 | 0.090 | 99.761 | ||||
13 | 0.013 | 0.083 | 99.844 | ||||
14 | 0.012 | 0.075 | 99.919 | ||||
15 | 0.008 | 0.051 | 99.970 | ||||
16 | 0.005 | 0.030 | 100.000 | ||||
thalamus | 1 | 14.542 | 90.884 | 90.884 | 14.542 | 90.884 | 90.884 |
2 | 0.409 | 2.558 | 93.442 | ||||
3 | 0.312 | 1.950 | 95.392 | ||||
4 | 0.160 | 0.997 | 96.390 | ||||
5 | 0.149 | 0.932 | 97.322 | ||||
6 | 0.117 | 0.729 | 98.051 | ||||
7 | 0.093 | 0.583 | 98.634 | ||||
8 | 0.066 | 0.415 | 99.049 | ||||
9 | 0.047 | 0.296 | 99.344 | ||||
10 | 0.033 | 0.204 | 99.549 | ||||
11 | 0.025 | 0.158 | 99.707 | ||||
12 | 0.019 | 0.118 | 99.825 | ||||
13 | 0.017 | 0.104 | 99.929 | ||||
14 | 0.006 | 0.040 | 99.968 | ||||
15 | 0.004 | 0.026 | 99.995 | ||||
16 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 100.000 |
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Hong, W.; Liu, Y.; Liang, J.; Jiang, C.; Yu, M.; Sun, W.; Huang, B.; Dong, N.; Kang, L.; Tang, Y. Molecular Mechanisms of Selenium Mitigating Lead Toxicity in Chickens via Mitochondrial Pathway: Selenoproteins, Oxidative Stress, HSPs, and Apoptosis. Toxics 2023, 11, 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090734
Hong W, Liu Y, Liang J, Jiang C, Yu M, Sun W, Huang B, Dong N, Kang L, Tang Y. Molecular Mechanisms of Selenium Mitigating Lead Toxicity in Chickens via Mitochondrial Pathway: Selenoproteins, Oxidative Stress, HSPs, and Apoptosis. Toxics. 2023; 11(9):734. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090734
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong, Weichen, Yuhao Liu, Jiatian Liang, Chunyu Jiang, Meijin Yu, Wei Sun, Bin Huang, Na Dong, Lu Kang, and You Tang. 2023. "Molecular Mechanisms of Selenium Mitigating Lead Toxicity in Chickens via Mitochondrial Pathway: Selenoproteins, Oxidative Stress, HSPs, and Apoptosis" Toxics 11, no. 9: 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090734