Mandibular Blastomycosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Blastomycosis is an endemic mycosis in the United States known to primarily cause pneumonia. However, dissemination to different organs including the musculoskeletal system has been described. Case report: We report a case of mandibular blastomycosis in a healthy patient with no evidence of lung involvement. A 28 year-old female presented with recurrent right mandibular osteomyelitis despite courses of antibiotics and surgical debridement. She eventually underwent right hemimandibulectomy. Budding yeasts visualized on Gomori Methenamine-Silver (GMS) and Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) were morphologically consistent with Blastomyces dermatitidis, and intra-operative cultures showed growth of mold identified as B. dermatitidis by DNA probe. She was placed on a prolonged course of itraconazole with clinical improvement. We also reviewed the literature and found 5 cases of similar presentation which we briefly summarized in this present case report. Conclusion: Blastomycosis should be considered in patients with recurrent or persistent mandibular osteomyelitis even in immunocompetent individuals.