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Article

Socioeconomic Inequalities and Toothbrushing Frequency among Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years in a Multi-Site Study of Mexican Cities: A Cross-Sectional Study

by
Gladys Remigia Acuña-González
1,
Juan Alejandro Casanova-Sarmiento
1,2,
Horacio Islas-Granillo
3,
Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez
3,
David Benítez-Valladares
4,
Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez
3,
Rubén de la Rosa-Santillana
3,
José de Jesús Navarrete-Hernández
3,
Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
3,5,* and
Gerardo Maupomé
6,7
1
School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche 24039, Mexico
2
Dentistry Department, Campus Campeche, Vizcaya of the Americas University, Campeche 24099, Mexico
3
Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca 42160, Mexico
4
Universidad Contemporánea de las Américas, Ciudad de Mexico 04890, Mexico
5
Center for Advanced Studies and Research on Dentistry Dr. Keisaburo Miyata, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico
6
Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
7
Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Children 2022, 9(7), 1069; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9071069
Submission received: 28 June 2022 / Revised: 12 July 2022 / Accepted: 15 July 2022 / Published: 18 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health Behaviours and Their Predictors in Children)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Periodic toothbrushing is the most common, effective, and reliable way to mechanically remove biofilm from oral tissues. The objective of the present study was to determine the association between toothbrushing frequency and socioeconomic position for schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age in four cities in Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 Mexican schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age from public schools in four Mexican cities. Questionnaires were administered to the parents/guardians of the schoolchildren to obtain the variables included in the study. The dependent variable was toothbrushing frequency, dichotomized as: 0 = less than twice a day and 1 = at least twice a day. The analysis was performed in Stata. The average age of the schoolchildren was 8.9 ± 1.9 years; 50.4% were female. The prevalence of toothbrushing was 52.8% (at least twice a day) (95% CI = 48.4−57.1). In the multivariate model, the variables associated (p < 0.05) with toothbrushing frequency were older age of the schoolchild (OR = 1.14); younger age of the mother (OR = 0.93); being a girl (OR = 1.70); being enrolled in Seguro Popular (OR = 0.69); being in a household that was owned (OR = 2.43); and being a schoolchild who lived in a home that owned a car (OR = 1.31). The prevalence of toothbrushing at least twice a day was just over 50% in these Mexican children. We found demographic and socioeconomic variables to be associated with toothbrushing. Based on socioeconomic variables that were associated with toothbrushing frequency—such as health insurance, home ownership and the household owning a car—the results of the present study confirm the existence of health inequalities in toothbrushing frequency.
Keywords: oral health; toothbrushing; health inequalities; schoolchildren oral health; toothbrushing; health inequalities; schoolchildren

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MDPI and ACS Style

Acuña-González, G.R.; Casanova-Sarmiento, J.A.; Islas-Granillo, H.; Márquez-Rodríguez, S.; Benítez-Valladares, D.; Mendoza-Rodríguez, M.; de la Rosa-Santillana, R.; Navarrete-Hernández, J.d.J.; Medina-Solís, C.E.; Maupomé, G. Socioeconomic Inequalities and Toothbrushing Frequency among Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years in a Multi-Site Study of Mexican Cities: A Cross-Sectional Study. Children 2022, 9, 1069. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9071069

AMA Style

Acuña-González GR, Casanova-Sarmiento JA, Islas-Granillo H, Márquez-Rodríguez S, Benítez-Valladares D, Mendoza-Rodríguez M, de la Rosa-Santillana R, Navarrete-Hernández JdJ, Medina-Solís CE, Maupomé G. Socioeconomic Inequalities and Toothbrushing Frequency among Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years in a Multi-Site Study of Mexican Cities: A Cross-Sectional Study. Children. 2022; 9(7):1069. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9071069

Chicago/Turabian Style

Acuña-González, Gladys Remigia, Juan Alejandro Casanova-Sarmiento, Horacio Islas-Granillo, Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez, David Benítez-Valladares, Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez, Rubén de la Rosa-Santillana, José de Jesús Navarrete-Hernández, Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís, and Gerardo Maupomé. 2022. "Socioeconomic Inequalities and Toothbrushing Frequency among Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years in a Multi-Site Study of Mexican Cities: A Cross-Sectional Study" Children 9, no. 7: 1069. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9071069

APA Style

Acuña-González, G. R., Casanova-Sarmiento, J. A., Islas-Granillo, H., Márquez-Rodríguez, S., Benítez-Valladares, D., Mendoza-Rodríguez, M., de la Rosa-Santillana, R., Navarrete-Hernández, J. d. J., Medina-Solís, C. E., & Maupomé, G. (2022). Socioeconomic Inequalities and Toothbrushing Frequency among Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years in a Multi-Site Study of Mexican Cities: A Cross-Sectional Study. Children, 9(7), 1069. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9071069

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