Obesity-Related Metabolic Risk in Sedentary Hispanic Adolescent Girls with Normal BMI
by
Gert-Jan Van der Heijden 1,*
, Zhiyue J. Wang 2, Zili D. Chu 3,4, Morey Haymond 1, Pieter J. J. Sauer 5 and Agneta L. Sunehag 1
Gert-Jan Van der Heijden 1,*, Zhiyue J. Wang 2, Zili D. Chu 3,4, Morey Haymond 1, Pieter J. J. Sauer 5 and Agneta L. Sunehag 1
1
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
2
Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
3
Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
4
Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
5
Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Children 2018, 5(6), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/children5060079
Received: 23 April 2018 / Revised: 10 June 2018 / Accepted: 11 June 2018 / Published: 15 June 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation in Childhood)
Hispanic adolescent girls with normal BMI frequently have high body fat %. Without knowledge of body fat content and distribution, their risk for metabolic complications is unknown. We measured metabolic risk indicators and abdominal fat distribution in post-pubertal Hispanic adolescent girls with Normal BMI (N-BMI: BMI < 85th percentile) and compared these indicators between girls with Normal BMI and High Fat content (N-BMI-HF: body fat ≥ 27%; n = 15) and Normal BMI and Normal Fat content (N-BMI-NF: body fat < 27%; n = 8). Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin and Hs-CRP were determined. Insulin resistance was calculated using an oral glucose tolerance test. Body fat % was measured by DXA and subcutaneous, visceral and hepatic fat by MRI/MRS. The N-BMI-HF girls had increased abdominal and hepatic fat content and increased insulin resistance, plasma leptin and Hs-CRP concentrations (p < 0.05) as compared to their N-BMI-NF counterparts. In N-BMI girls, insulin resistance, plasma insulin and leptin correlated with BMI and body fat % (p < 0.05). This research confirms the necessity of the development of BMI and body fat % cut-off criteria per sex, age and racial/ethnic group based on metabolic risk factors to optimize the effectiveness of metabolic risk screening procedures.
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Keywords:
BMI; body fat; abdominal fat; Hispanic; insulin resistance
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MDPI and ACS Style
Van der Heijden, G.-J.; Wang, Z.J.; Chu, Z.D.; Haymond, M.; Sauer, P.J.J.; Sunehag, A.L. Obesity-Related Metabolic Risk in Sedentary Hispanic Adolescent Girls with Normal BMI. Children 2018, 5, 79.
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