Object Play and Autism Spectrum Disorders Symptoms in Toddlers Aged 12–37 Month at Risk of Developmental Disorders
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. First-Year Inventory
2.3.2. Object Play Measurement Sessions
2.3.3. Autism Spectrum Disorder Measurement
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Younger Group (13–18 Months) | Older Group (24–37 Months) |
---|---|---|
Sample size | 23 (4 girls and 19 boys) | 21 (4 girls and 17 boys) |
Age | M = 14.75; SD = 1.42 | M = 30; SD = 5.86 |
ADOS-2 Total score | M = 4.04; SD = 3.02 | M = 4.53; SD = 3.03 |
ADOS-2 SA | M = 3.83; SD = 2.95 | M = 3.08; SD = 2.98 |
ADOS-2 LR | M = 0.41; SD = 0.20 | M = 0.71; SD = 0.70 |
Variable | Description |
---|---|
looking toward the object | the child directs gaze toward the object without touching the object |
rotating the object | the child turns the object around its axis |
hitting the object | the child hits the object with an open or closed palm or with another object |
putting 2 objects together in a row | the child moves one object to another, they become connected, and the displayed animations change |
putting 3 objects together in a row | the child moves one object towards two already connected objects, it becomes attached, and the displayed animations change |
putting 4 objects together in a row | the child moves one object towards three already connected objects, it becomes attached, and the displayed animations change |
putting 2 objects one on top of the other | the child places one object on top of another; they become connected, and the displayed animations change |
putting 3 objects together in various configurations | the child moves one object towards two already connected objects, it becomes attached, and the displayed animations change |
putting 4 objects together in various configurations | the child moves one object towards three already connected objects, it becomes attached, and the displayed animations change |
Exploratory Activity | Younger Group (13–18 Months) | Older Group (24–37 Months) |
---|---|---|
looking towards objects | 86.29% | 88% |
rotating objects | 20.16% | 19.81% |
hitting objects | 5.04% | 5.09% |
putting 2 objects in a row | 6.25% | 7.54% |
putting 2 objects one on top of the other | 3.45% | 3% |
connecting 3 objects in any configuration | 3.16% | 4.45% |
combining 4 objects in any configuration | 2.37% | 2.45% |
Object Play | ADOS Total Score | ADOS Limited and Repeated Behavior | ADOS Social Affect | |
---|---|---|---|---|
looking towards objects | Correlation Coefficient | −0.220 | 0.342 | −0.296 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.301 | 0.102 | 0.160 | |
rotating objects | Correlation Coefficient | 0.200 | 0.319 | 0.206 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.348 | 0.128 | 0.333 | |
hitting objects | Correlation Coefficient | −0.115 | 0.382 | −0.195 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.594 | 0.065 | 0.362 | |
putting 2 objects in a row | Correlation Coefficient | −0.369 | −0.097 | −0.353 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.076 | 0.651 | 0.090 | |
putting 2 objects one on top of the other | Correlation Coefficient | 0.355 | −0.119 | 0.383 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.088 | 0.578 | 0.065 | |
connecting 3 objects in any configuration | Correlation Coefficient | 0.480 | 0.124 | 0.501 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.018 | 0.564 | 0.013 | |
combining 4 objects in any configuration | Correlation Coefficient | 0.464 | 0.083 | 0.493 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.023 | 0.700 | 0.014 |
Object Play | ADOS Total Score | ADOS Limited and Repeated Behavior | ADOS Social Affect | |
---|---|---|---|---|
looking towards objects | Correlation Coefficient | 0.376 | 0.152 | 0.393 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.093 | 0.511 | 0.078 | |
rotating objects | Correlation Coefficient | 0.007 | 0.388 | −0.087 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.976 | 0.082 | 0.707 | |
hitting objects | Correlation Coefficient | 0.343 | 0.397 | 0.290 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.128 | 0.075 | 0.202 | |
putting 2 objects in a row | Correlation Coefficient | −0.077 | 0.238 | −0.126 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.740 | 0.299 | 0.587 | |
putting 2 objects one on top of the other | Correlation Coefficient | −0.115 | 0.108 | −0.118 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.619 | 0.642 | 0.611 | |
connecting 3 objects in any configuration | Correlation Coefficient | −0.256 | −0.222 | −0.169 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.263 | 0.333 | 0.463 | |
combining 4 objects in any configuration | Correlation Coefficient | 0.046 | −0.110 | 0.046 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.843 | 0.635 | 0.842 |
Object Play | ADOS Total Score | ADOS Limited and Repeated Behavior | ADOS Social Affect |
---|---|---|---|
looking towards objects | 0.05 | 0.53 | 0.02 |
rotating objects | 0.54 | 0.80 | 0.36 |
hitting objects | 0.14 | 0.95 | 0.12 |
putting 2 objects in a row | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.45 |
putting 2 objects one on top of the other | 0.13 | 0.48 | 0.10 |
connecting 3 objects in any configuration | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.02 |
combining 4 objects in any configuration | 0.16 | 0.55 | 0.12 |
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Kawa, R. Object Play and Autism Spectrum Disorders Symptoms in Toddlers Aged 12–37 Month at Risk of Developmental Disorders. Children 2023, 10, 995. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10060995
Kawa R. Object Play and Autism Spectrum Disorders Symptoms in Toddlers Aged 12–37 Month at Risk of Developmental Disorders. Children. 2023; 10(6):995. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10060995
Chicago/Turabian StyleKawa, Rafał. 2023. "Object Play and Autism Spectrum Disorders Symptoms in Toddlers Aged 12–37 Month at Risk of Developmental Disorders" Children 10, no. 6: 995. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10060995
APA StyleKawa, R. (2023). Object Play and Autism Spectrum Disorders Symptoms in Toddlers Aged 12–37 Month at Risk of Developmental Disorders. Children, 10(6), 995. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10060995