The Benefits of Practicing Physical Activity in the Aquatic Environment on Health and Quality of Life
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. The Advantages of Practicing Aquatic Gymnastics
2.2. Types of Water Gymnastic Programs and Their Effects on Health
2.3. The Influence of Aquatic Programs on Physical and Physiological Aspects
2.4. The Current Study
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Research Design
3.2. Participants
3.3. Data Collection
3.4. Instruments
4. Results
4.1. Statistical Analysis According to Gender
4.2. Statistical Analysis by Age
4.3. Two-Step Cluster Analysis Method
5. Discussion
5.1. The Health Benefits of Practicing Water Gymnastics
5.2. The Structure and Effects of an Aquagym Lesson
6. Conclusions
Study Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Women | Men | n | Chi-Square | p | Cramer’s V | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What form of exercise do you like to practice in your free time? | 150 | 38.208 | <0.001 | 0.505 | |||
Aquagym (water gymnastics to music) | 8 | 0 | |||||
Dance and other expression sports (gymnastics, skating, etc.) | 29 | 1 | |||||
Fitness (weight training) | 14 | 13 | |||||
Swimming | 9 | 9 | |||||
Sports games (football, volleyball, handball, basketball, etc.) | 12 | 23 | |||||
Jogging | 9 | 3 | |||||
I do not practice sports in my free time | 16 | 4 | |||||
Do you know the aquagym concept? | 150 | 18.025 | <0.001 | 0.347 | |||
Yes | 81 | 27 | |||||
No | 16 | 26 | |||||
Have you ever participated in an aquagym lesson? | 150 | 3.787 | 0.052 | 0.159 | |||
Yes | 35 | 11 | |||||
No | 62 | 42 | |||||
If you said “Yes” to the previous question, for what purpose did you choose to practice this sport? | 150 | 3.658 | 0.301 | 0.156 | |||
I have never practiced this sport | 59 | 39 | |||||
For fun and socialization | 12 | 5 | |||||
For recovery (therapeutic purpose) | 4 | 3 | |||||
For toning and harmonious physical development | 22 | 6 | |||||
In your opinion, what are the benefits of water gymnastics? | 150 | 5.717 | 0.456 | 0.195 | |||
Contributes to post-traumatic recovery | 16 | 8 | |||||
Improves interpersonal relationships | 1 | 0 | |||||
Improves emotional well-being | 6 | 1 | |||||
Maintains muscle tone | 38 | 21 | |||||
No benefits | 0 | 2 | |||||
Weight loss | 6 | 4 | |||||
A fun way to stay fit | 30 | 17 | |||||
To what extent do you believe that water gymnastics contributes to improving quality of life? | 150 | 18.625 | <0.001 | 0.352 | |||
1 | 0 | 2 | |||||
2 | 2 | 3 | |||||
3 | 7 | 13 | |||||
4 | 22 | 15 | |||||
5 | 66 | 20 | |||||
In your opinion, what are the aspects that increase the attractiveness of aquagym? | 150 | 19.764 | 0.003 | 0.363 | |||
Group physical activity | 13 | 6 | |||||
Musical background | 9 | 1 | |||||
Aquatic environment | 31 | 18 | |||||
Water gymnastics is not attractive | 0 | 3 | |||||
Simple movements without muscle pain | 18 | 1 | |||||
Low risk of injury | 8 | 9 | |||||
All muscle groups are involved | 18 | 15 | |||||
Would you like to constantly participate in aquagym lessons? | 150 | 8.292 | 0.004 | 0.235 | |||
Yes | 78 | 31 | |||||
No | 19 | 22 | |||||
Do you consider it important to develop the concept of aquagym and promote this activity in society? | 150 | 2.730 | 0.099 | 0.135 | |||
Yes | 94 | 48 | |||||
No | 3 | 5 |
Over 45 | Under 45 | n | Chi-Square | p | Cramer’s V | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What form of exercise do you like to practice in your free time? | 150 | 12.424 | 0.053 | 0.288 | |||
Aquagym (water gymnastics to music) | 3 | 5 | |||||
Dance and other expression sports (gymnastics, skating, etc.) | 9 | 21 | |||||
Fitness (weight training) | 5 | 22 | |||||
Swimming | 7 | 11 | |||||
Sports games (football, volleyball, handball, basketball, etc.) | 3 | 32 | |||||
Jogging | 3 | 9 | |||||
I do not practice sports in my free time | 9 | 11 | |||||
Do you know the aquagym concept? | 150 | 0.634 | 0.426 | 0.065 | |||
Yes | 30 | 78 | |||||
No | 9 | 33 | |||||
Have you ever participated in an aquagym lesson? | 150 | 0.000 | 0.987 | 0.001 | |||
Yes | 12 | 34 | |||||
No | 27 | 77 | |||||
If you said “Yes” to the previous question, for what purpose did you choose to practice this sport? | 150 | 2.130 | 0.546 | 0.119 | |||
I have never practiced this sport | 24 | 74 | |||||
For fun and socialization | 3 | 14 | |||||
For recovery (therapeutic purpose) | 2 | 5 | |||||
For toning and harmonious physical development | 10 | 18 | |||||
In your opinion, what are the benefits of water gymnastics? | 150 | 8.532 | 0.202 | 0.238 | |||
Contributes to post-traumatic recovery | 8 | 16 | |||||
Improves interpersonal relationships | 1 | 0 | |||||
Improves emotional well-being | 0 | 7 | |||||
Maintains muscle tone | 18 | 41 | |||||
No benefits | 0 | 2 | |||||
Weight loss | 3 | 7 | |||||
A fun way to stay fit | 9 | 38 | |||||
To what extent do you believe that water gymnastics contributes to improving quality of life? | 150 | 9.086 | 0.059 | 0.246 | |||
1 | 0 | 2 | |||||
2 | 0 | 5 | |||||
3 | 3 | 17 | |||||
4 | 6 | 31 | |||||
5 | 30 | 56 | |||||
In your opinion, what are the aspects that increase the attractiveness of aquagym? | 150 | 6.715 | 0.348 | 0.212 | |||
Group physical activity | 3 | 16 | |||||
Musical background | 3 | 7 | |||||
Aquatic environment | 14 | 35 | |||||
Water gymnastics is not attractive | 0 | 3 | |||||
Simple movements without muscle pain | 8 | 11 | |||||
Low risk of injury | 2 | 15 | |||||
All muscle groups are involved | 9 | 24 | |||||
Would you like to constantly participate in aquagym lessons? | 150 | 0.020 | 0.887 | 0.012 | |||
Yes | 28 | 81 | |||||
No | 11 | 30 | |||||
Do you consider it important to develop the concept of aquagym and promote this activity in society? | 150 | 0.581 | 0.446 | 0.062 | |||
Yes | 36 | 106 | |||||
No | 3 | 5 |
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Tomescu, G.; Bălan, V.; Aivaz, K.-A.; Zahiu, M. The Benefits of Practicing Physical Activity in the Aquatic Environment on Health and Quality of Life. Healthcare 2025, 13, 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13091053
Tomescu G, Bălan V, Aivaz K-A, Zahiu M. The Benefits of Practicing Physical Activity in the Aquatic Environment on Health and Quality of Life. Healthcare. 2025; 13(9):1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13091053
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomescu, Gabriela, Valeria Bălan, Kamer-Ainur Aivaz, and Mihaela Zahiu. 2025. "The Benefits of Practicing Physical Activity in the Aquatic Environment on Health and Quality of Life" Healthcare 13, no. 9: 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13091053
APA StyleTomescu, G., Bălan, V., Aivaz, K.-A., & Zahiu, M. (2025). The Benefits of Practicing Physical Activity in the Aquatic Environment on Health and Quality of Life. Healthcare, 13(9), 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13091053