The Association between Uric Acid and Metabolic Syndrome in a Middle-Aged and Elderly Taiwanese Population: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Data Collection and Measurements
2.3. Definition of MetS and Other Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Uric Acid Levels | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Low | Middle | High | ||||||||||
Variables | (n = 400) | (n = 130) | (<5.1) | (n = 138) | (5.1–6.2) | (n = 132) | (>6.2) | p Value | |||||
Age (year) | 64.47 | ± | 8.45 | 64.80 | ± | 7.90 | 63.26 | ± | 8.48 | 65.39 | ± | 8.84 | 0.10 |
Gender (male), n(%) | 141 | 35.2% | 29 | 22.3% | 36 | 26.1% | 76 | 57.6% | <0.001 | ||||
SBP (mmHg) | 129.50 | ± | 16.71 | 126.43 | ± | 17.32 | 130.64 | ± | 16.36 | 131.33 | ± | 16.16 | 0.04 |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.93 | ± | 11.36 | 74.13 | ± | 10.20 | 77.49 | ± | 11.43 | 79.11 | ± | 11.89 | 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.55 | ± | 3.57 | 23.45 | ± | 3.66 | 24.86 | ± | 3.08 | 25.30 | ± | 3.71 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 85.07 | ± | 9.68 | 81.51 | ± | 8.93 | 85.05 | ± | 8.77 | 88.58 | ± | 10.07 | <0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 22.63 | ± | 12.95 | 20.80 | ± | 10.48 | 23.00 | ± | 12.87 | 24.03 | ± | 14.98 | 0.12 |
FPG (mg/dL) | 96.23 | ± | 25.73 | 95.18 | ± | 22.25 | 95.23 | ± | 21.13 | 98.32 | ± | 32.50 | 0.52 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 54.43 | ± | 13.93 | 58.93 | ± | 14.57 | 55.01 | ± | 12.67 | 49.39 | ± | 12.98 | <0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 118.37 | ± | 32.11 | 116.48 | ± | 28.60 | 121.65 | ± | 32.54 | 116.79 | ± | 34.79 | 0.33 |
TC (mg/dL) | 197.15 | ± | 35.71 | 195.35 | ± | 33.82 | 200.04 | ± | 36.41 | 195.88 | ± | 36.83 | 0.50 |
TG (mg/dL) | 122.07 | ± | 65.97 | 99.62 | ± | 47.91 | 117.08 | ± | 53.87 | 149.41 | ± | 81.73 | <0.001 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.75 | ± | 1.41 | 4.30 | ± | 0.53 | 5.60 | ± | 0.34 | 7.33 | ± | 1.03 | <0.001 |
Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 75 | 18.8% | 14 | 10.8% | 25 | 18.1% | 36 | 27.3% | 0.003 | ||||
Current smoking, n (%) | 43 | 10.8% | 8 | 6.2% | 11 | 8.0% | 24 | 18.2% | 0.003 | ||||
Regular exercise, n (%) | 328 | 82.0% | 110 | 84.6% | 112 | 81.2% | 106 | 80.3% | 0.63 | ||||
Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 143 | 35.8% | 30 | 23.1% | 52 | 37.7% | 61 | 46.2% | <0.001 | ||||
HTN, n (%) | 201 | 50.3% | 53 | 40.8% | 70 | 50.7% | 78 | 59.1% | 0.01 | ||||
DM, n (%) | 79 | 19.8% | 24 | 18.5% | 29 | 21.0% | 26 | 19.7% | 0.87 | ||||
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 260 | 65.0% | 75 | 57.7% | 87 | 63.0% | 98 | 74.2% | 0.02 |
Uric Acid | ||
---|---|---|
Variables | Pearson’s Coefficient | p Value |
Age (year) | 0.02 | 0.67 |
SBP (mmHg) | 0.13 | 0.01 |
DBP (mmHg) | 0.23 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.21 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 0.30 | <0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 0.10 | 0.04 |
FPG (mg/dL) | 0.05 | 0.31 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | −0.30 | <0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 0.02 | 0.69 |
TC (mg/dL) | 0.02 | 0.67 |
TG (mg/dL) | 0.33 | <0.001 |
Variables | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | (95% CI) | p Value | OR | (95% CI) | p Value | |
Low | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
Middle | 2.02 | (1.18–3.44) | 0.01 | 1.73 | (0.95–3.16) | 0.07 |
High | 2.86 | (1.68–4.88) | <0.001 | 2.48 | (1.31–4.71) | 0.01 |
Adjusted for age, sex, alcohol drinking, smoking, BMI, regular exercise, ALT, and TC |
Variables | AUC (95% CI) | p Value | Cut-Off Point | Sensitivity | Specificity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uric acid | 0.62 (0.56–0.68) | <0.001 | 5.62 | 0.61 | 0.59 |
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Lin, C.-R.; Tsai, P.-A.; Wang, C.; Chen, J.-Y. The Association between Uric Acid and Metabolic Syndrome in a Middle-Aged and Elderly Taiwanese Population: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare 2024, 12, 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12010113
Lin C-R, Tsai P-A, Wang C, Chen J-Y. The Association between Uric Acid and Metabolic Syndrome in a Middle-Aged and Elderly Taiwanese Population: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare. 2024; 12(1):113. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12010113
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Chun-Ru, Po-An Tsai, Che Wang, and Jau-Yuan Chen. 2024. "The Association between Uric Acid and Metabolic Syndrome in a Middle-Aged and Elderly Taiwanese Population: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study" Healthcare 12, no. 1: 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12010113
APA StyleLin, C.-R., Tsai, P.-A., Wang, C., & Chen, J.-Y. (2024). The Association between Uric Acid and Metabolic Syndrome in a Middle-Aged and Elderly Taiwanese Population: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare, 12(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12010113