On Two Outer Independent Roman Domination Related Parameters in Torus Graphs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Outer Independent Roman Domination Number of Regular Graphs
2.1. The Lower Bound on of Regular Graphs
- (a)
- .
- (b)
- .
- (c)
- .
- (d)
- .
2.2. Outer Independent Roman Domination in Torus Graphs
3. The Outer Independent Double Roman Domination Number of Regular Graphs
3.1. The Lower Bound on of Regular Graphs
- (a)
- ,,,.
- (b)
- and .
3.2. Outer Independent Double Roman Domination in Torus Graphs
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Gao, H.; Liu, X.; Guo, Y.; Yang, Y. On Two Outer Independent Roman Domination Related Parameters in Torus Graphs. Mathematics 2022, 10, 3361. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10183361
Gao H, Liu X, Guo Y, Yang Y. On Two Outer Independent Roman Domination Related Parameters in Torus Graphs. Mathematics. 2022; 10(18):3361. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10183361
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao, Hong, Xing Liu, Yuanyuan Guo, and Yuansheng Yang. 2022. "On Two Outer Independent Roman Domination Related Parameters in Torus Graphs" Mathematics 10, no. 18: 3361. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10183361
APA StyleGao, H., Liu, X., Guo, Y., & Yang, Y. (2022). On Two Outer Independent Roman Domination Related Parameters in Torus Graphs. Mathematics, 10(18), 3361. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10183361