Food Insecurity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Burkina Faso
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- What is the persistence of food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic periods?
- Do the potential effects vary across households?
- What are the effects of the spread of the pandemic on food insecurity outcomes?
2. Literature Review
2.1. Empirical Review
- Income losses and shocks in demand;
- Food supply chain disruptions;
- Policy responses: hoarding at the country level (food export bans) and fiscal stimulus.
2.2. Theoretical Framework
3. COVID-19 Measures in Burkina Faso
4. Methodology
4.1. Data Description
4.2. Food Insecurity Dynamics and Profiles in Burkina Faso
4.3. Empirical Model
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions and Suggestions for Public Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
1 | Please note that respondents in this paper are not household heads, but rather households’ individuals. When surveyed, we asked questions to the respondents’ household members. |
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Rounds | Start | End |
---|---|---|
1 | 9 June 2020 | 1 July 2020 |
2 | 20 July 2020 | 14 August 2020 |
3 | 12 September 2020 | 21 October 2020 |
4 | 6 November 2020 | 2 December 2020 |
5 | 9 December 2020 | 30 December 2020 |
6 | 15 January 2021 | 1 February 2021 |
7 | 12 February 2021 | 2 March 2021 |
8 | 13 March 2021 | 1 April 2021 |
9 | 20 April 2021 | 4 May 2021 |
10 | 25 May 2021 | 15 June 2021 |
11 | 28 June 2021 | 20 July 2021 |
Variables | Definition and Measure | Mean | St.Dev | Min. | Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variable | |||||
Skipped a meal | 1 if the household skipped a meal; 0 otherwise | 14.92 | - | 0 | 1 |
Ran out of food | 1 if the household ran out of food; 0 otherwise | 8.46 | - | 0 | 1 |
Went without eating | 1 if a member of the household went without eating; 0 otherwise | 5.03 | - | 0 | 1 |
Control variables | |||||
Gender | 1 if individual is a female; 0 otherwise | 15.60 | - | 0 | 1 |
Age | Age in years | 47.83 | 13.909 | 18 | 102 |
Age groups | |||||
18–24 group | 1 if the individual is aged 18–24 years | 0.97 | - | 0 | 1 |
25–44 group | 1 if the individual is aged 25–44 years | 40.56 | - | 0 | 1 |
45–64 group | 1 if the individual is aged 45–64 years | 36.59 | - | 0 | 1 |
65+ group | 1 if the individual is aged 65 or more | 21.18 | - | 0 | 1 |
Household size | Number of household members | 7.89 | 0.354 | 4 | 8 |
Household size classes | |||||
4–6 members | 1 if household has between 4 and 6 members in total | 1.29 | - | 0 | 1 |
7 members | 1 if household has 7 members in total | 7.26 | - | 0 | 1 |
8 members | 1 if household has 8 members in total | 91.43 | - | 0 | 1 |
Urban | 1 if the household lives in urban area; 0 if the household lives in rural area | 65.80 | - | 0 | 1 |
Farm activities | 1 if household is involved in farm (agriculture) activities; 0 if involved in non-farm activities | 64.26 | - | 0 | 1 |
Sample size | 8144 | - |
(a) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sub-Groups | Dependent Variable: Food Insecurity Indicator in Period t Given Insecurity in a Previous Period | |||
Skipped a Meal, Period t − 1 | Ran out of Food, Period t − 1 | Went Without Food, Period t − 1 | ||
Overall | Constant | 0.224 * (0.127) | −0.074 (0.101) | 0.021 (0.081) |
0.368 *** (0.017) | 0.280 *** (0.019) | 0.253 * (0.025) | ||
R2 | 0.7129 | 0.5497 | 0.4974 | |
No. observations | 8144 | 8144 | 8144 | |
Male | Constant | 0.225 * (0.136) | −0.015 (0.113) | 0.051 (0.092) |
0.359 *** (0.018) | 0.261 *** (0.022) | 0.240 *** (0.027) | ||
R2 | 0.7229 | 0.6212 | 0.6243 | |
No. observations | 6858 | 6858 | 6858 | |
Female | Constant | 0.280 (0.391) | −0.377 * (0.202) | −0.196 (0.121) |
0.407 *** (0.040) | 0.352 *** (0.040) | 0.313 *** (0.064) | ||
R2 | 0.5545 | 0.6212 | 0.6243 | |
No. observations | 1286 | 1286 | 0.1286 | |
(b) | ||||
Age Group | Dependent Variable: Food Insecurity Indicator in Period t Given Insecurity in a Previous Period | |||
Skipped Meal, Period t − 1 | Ran out of Food, Period t − 1 | Went Without Food, Period t − 1 | ||
18–24 | Constant | −0.945 (0.848) | 0.733 (0.502) | 0.612 (0.696) |
0.135 (0.098) | 0.221 (0.150) | 0.005 (0.101) | ||
R2 | 0.5545 | 0.6807 | 0.3435 | |
No. observations | 91 | 91 | 91 | |
25–44 | Constant | 0.381 ** (0.180) | −0.020 (0.119) | 0.155 (0.122) |
0.358 *** (0.027) | 0.220 *** (0.029) | 0.209 *** (0.039) | ||
R2 | 0.5545 | 0.6807 | 0.3435 | |
No. observations | 3669 | 3669 | 3669 | |
45–64 | Constant | −0.100 (0.164) | −0.174 (0.203) | −0.071 (0.140) |
0.362 *** (0.024) | 0.321 *** (0.030) | 0.304 *** (0.041) | ||
R2 | 0.5545 | 0.6807 | 0.3435 | |
No. observations | 3341 | 3341 | 3341 | |
65+ | Constant | 0.401 (0.443) | 0.075 (0.300) | −0.173 (0.149) |
0.391 *** (0.039) | 0.347 *** (0.045) | 0.200 *** (0.043) | ||
R2 | 0.5545 | 0.6807 | 0.3435 | |
No. observations | 1194 | 1194 | 1194 | |
(c) | ||||
Household Size | Dependent Variable: Food Insecurity Indicator in Period t Given Insecurity in a Previous Period | |||
Skipped Meal, Period t − 1 | Ran out of Food, Period t − 1 | Went Without Food, Period t − 1 | ||
4–6 | Constant | −0.011 (0.438) | 0.117 (0.282) | 0.127 (0.315) |
−0.407 (0.263) | −0.163 (0.278) | −0.266 (0.351) | ||
R2 | 0.6861 | 0.5789 | 0.5232 | |
No. observations | 39 | 39 | 39 | |
7 | Constant | 0.440 *** (0.133) | 0.154 (0.173) | 0.305 ** (0.152) |
0.377 *** (0.077) | 0.198 *** (0.077) | 0.179 ** (0.084) | ||
R2 | 0.6861 | 0.5789 | 0.5232 | |
No. observations | 376 | 376 | 376 | |
8 | Constant | 0.017 (0.023) | 0.008 (0.016) | −0.008 (0.012) |
0.362 *** (0.017) | 0.282 *** (0.020) | 0.257 *** (0.026) | ||
R2 | 0.6861 | 0.5789 | 0.5232 | |
No. observations | 7729 | 7729 | 7729 |
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Nikiema, P.R.; Dedewanou, F.A. Food Insecurity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Burkina Faso. Economies 2025, 13, 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13060155
Nikiema PR, Dedewanou FA. Food Insecurity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Burkina Faso. Economies. 2025; 13(6):155. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13060155
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikiema, Pouirkèta Rita, and Finagnon Antoine Dedewanou. 2025. "Food Insecurity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Burkina Faso" Economies 13, no. 6: 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13060155
APA StyleNikiema, P. R., & Dedewanou, F. A. (2025). Food Insecurity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Burkina Faso. Economies, 13(6), 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13060155