Assess Spatial Equity Considering the Similarity Between GIS-Based Supply and Demand Maps: A New Framework with Case Study in Beijing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Map Similarity as a Measure of Spatial Equity
2.2. Procedure for Spatial Equity Assessment
2.3. Depicting Spatial Distribution and Strength: Extended Kernel Density Estimator
2.4. Evaluating Map Similarity: SSIM Index
3. Case Study
3.1. Study Area and Data Source
3.2. Implementation of the Proposed Framework
4. Result and Discussion
4.1. Mapping Supply and Demand
4.2. Assessing Spatial Equity
4.3. Identifying Significant Areas
4.4. Implications and Recommendations from the Case
4.5. Application Prospects of the Proposed Framework
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Spatial Scale | Items | Mean | Std.dev | Max. | Min. | L.Q. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 km × 1 km | Whole study region | 0.836 | 0.117 | 1.000 | 0.369 | 0.747 |
Inside the Fourth Ring Road | 0.729 | 0.089 | 1.000 | 0.461 | 0.678 | |
Outside the Fourth Ring Road | 0.846 | 0.114 | 1.000 | 0.369 | 0.759 | |
2 km × 2 km | Whole study region | 0.843 | 0.102 | 1.000 | 0.554 | 0.761 |
Inside the Fourth Ring Road | 0.717 | 0.062 | 0.889 | 0.554 | 0.677 | |
Outside the Fourth Ring Road | 0.854 | 0.097 | 1.000 | 0.622 | 0.777 | |
4 km × 4 km | Whole study region | 0.855 | 0.092 | 1.000 | 0.644 | 0.784 |
Inside the Fourth Ring Road | 0.738 | 0.046 | 0.815 | 0.696 | 0.707 | |
Outside the Fourth Ring Road | 0.859 | 0.091 | 1.000 | 0.644 | 0.788 |
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Hao, X.; Hu, X.; Zhang, K.; Chen, Q. Assess Spatial Equity Considering the Similarity Between GIS-Based Supply and Demand Maps: A New Framework with Case Study in Beijing. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2025, 14, 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14040157
Hao X, Hu X, Zhang K, Chen Q. Assess Spatial Equity Considering the Similarity Between GIS-Based Supply and Demand Maps: A New Framework with Case Study in Beijing. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2025; 14(4):157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14040157
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao, Xiatong, Xiaojian Hu, Ke Zhang, and Qian Chen. 2025. "Assess Spatial Equity Considering the Similarity Between GIS-Based Supply and Demand Maps: A New Framework with Case Study in Beijing" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 14, no. 4: 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14040157
APA StyleHao, X., Hu, X., Zhang, K., & Chen, Q. (2025). Assess Spatial Equity Considering the Similarity Between GIS-Based Supply and Demand Maps: A New Framework with Case Study in Beijing. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 14(4), 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14040157