Electro-Acupuncture Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia in Rats by Modulating Ghrelin and Monoamine Neurotransmitters
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Description of Study
2.3. Anorexia Model
2.4. Measurement of Body Weight and Daily Food Intake
2.5. Electro-acupuncture Treatment
2.6. Quantitative Analysis of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Plasma
2.7. Measurement of Gastrointestinal Hormone Levels in the Plasma
2.8. RT-qPCR
2.9. Western Blotting Analysis
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Evaluation of the Optimal EA Condition to Alleviate Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia
3.2. Plasma Monoamine Neurotransmitters’ Concentrations
3.3. Gastrointestinal Hormone Levels in Plasma
3.4. mRNA Expression Levels of GHRL, NPY, and POMC
3.5. c-Fos Expression in the NTS
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
5-HIAA | 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid |
5-HT | 5-hydroxytryptamine |
CCK | cholecystokinin |
DA | dopamine |
EA | electro-acupuncture |
ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
GHRL | ghrelin |
HPLC-ECD | high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection |
i.p. | intraperitoneal |
NE | norepinephrine |
NPY | neuropeptide Y |
NTS | nucleus tractus solitarii |
POMC | pro-opiomelanocortin |
qRT-PCR | quantitative reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction |
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Experimental Condition | Day −1 | Day 0 | Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Experiment|Intensity of EA | |||||
Cisplatin, i.p. | − | + | − | − | − |
EA (low intensity stimulation) | − | − | + | + | + |
EA (high intensity stimulation) | − | − | + | + | + |
Body weight and food intake | + | + | + | + | + |
1st Experiment|Frequency of EA | |||||
Cisplatin, i.p. | − | + | − | − | − |
EA (10 Hz) | − | − | + | + | + |
EA (100 Hz) | − | − | + | + | + |
Body weight and food intake | + | + | + | + | + |
2nd Experiment|Pharmacological effects of the optimal EA conditions | |||||
Cisplatin, i.p. | − | + | − | − | − |
EA at non-acupoint | − | − | + | + | + |
EA at CV12 (low intensity stimulation, 10 Hz) | − | − | + | + | + |
Body weight and food intake | + | + | + | + | + |
Blood, duodenum, and brain stem | − | − | − | − | + |
Gene | Forward (5′ → 3′) | Reverse (5′ → 3′) |
---|---|---|
GHRL | AGCCCAGCAGAGAAAGGAAT | GTGGCTGCAGTTTAGCTGGT |
NPY | TGTCTCAGGGCTGGATCTCT | TACTCCGCTCTGCGACACTA |
POMC | GCTTCATGACCTCCGAGAAG | TCTTGATGATGGCGTTCTTG |
β-actin | AAGTCCCTCACCCTCCCAAAAG | AAGCAATGCTGTCACCTTCCC |
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Baek, J.Y.; Trinh, T.A.; Huh, W.; Song, J.H.; Kim, H.Y.; Lim, J.; Kim, J.; Choi, H.J.; Kim, T.-H.; Kang, K.S. Electro-Acupuncture Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia in Rats by Modulating Ghrelin and Monoamine Neurotransmitters. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100624
Baek JY, Trinh TA, Huh W, Song JH, Kim HY, Lim J, Kim J, Choi HJ, Kim T-H, Kang KS. Electro-Acupuncture Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia in Rats by Modulating Ghrelin and Monoamine Neurotransmitters. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(10):624. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100624
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaek, Ji Yun, Tuy An Trinh, Wonsang Huh, Ji Hoon Song, Hyun Young Kim, Juhee Lim, Jinhee Kim, Hyun Jin Choi, Tae-Hun Kim, and Ki Sung Kang. 2019. "Electro-Acupuncture Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia in Rats by Modulating Ghrelin and Monoamine Neurotransmitters" Biomolecules 9, no. 10: 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100624
APA StyleBaek, J. Y., Trinh, T. A., Huh, W., Song, J. H., Kim, H. Y., Lim, J., Kim, J., Choi, H. J., Kim, T.-H., & Kang, K. S. (2019). Electro-Acupuncture Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia in Rats by Modulating Ghrelin and Monoamine Neurotransmitters. Biomolecules, 9(10), 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100624