Multiwavelength Observations of Fast Radio Bursts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Magnetars
3. Host Galaxies
3.1. The Parent Population
- FRB hosts span the full continuous range of the main stellar parameters covered by the general sample of galaxies at the same redshifts (typically ), such as color, stellar mass, SFR [37];
- including the Galactic magnetar among the repeating FRBs there is not a clear differentiation between their hosts and the one-off hosts properties [85];
- the majority of FRB hosts show emission lines with a high incidence of LINERS [37];
- 5 out of 8 host galaxies imaged at high spatial resolution show arm structure and the FRBs are associated to the arms [39];
3.2. The Baryon Content of the IGM
4. FRBs Multiwavelength Searches
4.1. MWL Emission Models
4.2. Past and Ongoing Searches of Optical/NIR FRB Counterparts
4.2.1. Instruments and Observational Strategies
- 1.
- Newly detected bursts: fast follow-up and MWL archives searches, in particular if the error box is
- arcsec size ⟶ optical/NIR monitoring with medium-size telescopes and then large telescopes to perform spectroscopy of the potential host galaxy;
- arcmin size ⟶ wide-field medium-size telescopes follow-up, potential host galaxies identification and then again spectroscopy of the selected putative hosts to measure their redshift to be compared with the DM derived distance upper limit.
- 2.
- Repeaters: like for the previous item, but the monitoring campaign can focus on targeting known/candidate host galaxies. Eventually MWL campaigns including radiotelescopes can be considered in order to detect events happening during the monitoring.
- 3.
- Periodic: MWL campaigns around the expected peak phase with the most sensitive possible instruments with simultaneous epoch coverage.
- Fast and Fortunate for FRB Follow-up (F4) is an international collaboration endeavored to study host galaxies at all non-radio-bands through dedicated photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations of all arcsecond localized FRBs [https://sites.google.com/ucolick.org/f-4 (accessed on 1 March 2021), https://github.com/FRBs/FRB] (accessed on 1 March 2021).
- ZTF surveys the sky in search for transient sources on a regular basis. The potential usage for FRBs searches was discussed by [36].
4.3. FRBs X-/-ray Observations and Studies
4.3.1. Searches for Prompt X-/-ray Counterparts
4.3.2. Constraints on X-/-ray Either Persistent or Long-lived Transient Sources
4.4. VHE -rays Observations and Neutrino Events Searches
5. FRB 20121102A and FRB 20180916B
5.1. FRB 20121102A
5.1.1. X-/-ray Observations
5.1.2. Optical Observations
5.1.3. VHE -rays Observations
5.2. FRB 20180916B
5.2.1. X-/-ray Observations
5.2.2. Optical Observations
6. SGR J1935+2154
7. Conclusions and Prospects
- MWL follow-up approaches like those implemented for GRB afterglows are likely to produce null results as delayed (≳1–10 s) high-energy emission is either unlike or too weak to be detected by present and future instruments;
- searches for transients in MWL archives are meaningful only for periodic FRBs for which searches in an active phase window can give statistically significant upper limits or detections;
- searches for FRBs host galaxies can be successful for nearby (based on the DM–z relation) events or for small error areas (of the order of ) and would take advantage of photometric or (better) spectroscopic information of the potential hosts;
- specific FRBs observational campaigns, like those of FRB 20121102A and FRB 20180916B, and MWL searches involving simultaneous sky coverage by radio and higher energy telescopes, capable of high frequency acquisition, represent the most promising strategy to detect or to set stringent upper limits of a bursts in an energy band other than the radio;
- a reversed new FRBs search strategy where a few small radio telescopes, like the 4.5-m diameter DSA-10/-110 dishes [240], are employed to shadow the Swift/XRT, and other X-ray telescopes, pointings could represent a cheap and ready alternative to scheduled MWL campaigns. This would also be useful to test the recently proposed ULX binary scenario [50];
- the MeerLICHT approach, where an optical telescope with a relatively large FoV is co-pointing a radiotelescope/interferometer, is also very interesting, but to make it effective EMCCD or fast photometers must be employed to reach a time resolution as short as ∼1–10 ms. To note that in the case of searches of new FRBs for which a small sky/detector area cannot be selected, the data throughput would become prohibitive, so that a compromise on acquisition frequency/sky-area must be adopted;
- MWL campaigns of Galactic magnetars are highly needed to test emission characteristics and fluence ranges in the framework of the proposed unified magnetar models;
- the ≈1000 new FRBs that will be soon announced by the CHIME collaboration (preliminary results reported in a public seminar) and the other search programs will deliver new information that will surely help to address the MWL search efforts.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nicastro, L.; Guidorzi, C.; Palazzi, E.; Zampieri, L.; Turatto, M.; Gardini, A. Multiwavelength Observations of Fast Radio Bursts. Universe 2021, 7, 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7030076
Nicastro L, Guidorzi C, Palazzi E, Zampieri L, Turatto M, Gardini A. Multiwavelength Observations of Fast Radio Bursts. Universe. 2021; 7(3):76. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7030076
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicastro, Luciano, Cristiano Guidorzi, Eliana Palazzi, Luca Zampieri, Massimo Turatto, and Angela Gardini. 2021. "Multiwavelength Observations of Fast Radio Bursts" Universe 7, no. 3: 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7030076