BRICS and the Race to Net-Zero Emissions by 2050: Is COVID-19 a Barrier or an Opportunity?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Climate Change and the Global Net-Zero Trajectory
2.2. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Global Emissions
2.3. The BRICS GHG Emissions and COVID-19
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Study Areas
3.2. Data Compilation
3.2.1. Document Analysis Protocol and Screening
3.2.2. Data Sources and Analysis
4. Results
4.1. GHGs Emissions and COVID-19 Interruptions
4.2. Behavioural Changes Induced by COVID-19
4.3. COVID-19 Induced Barriers to the Net-Zero Pathway
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Challenge/Barrier | Example Studies | Number of Studies in This Analysis |
---|---|---|
Inhibit the implementation of low carbon technologies | [12,23,74] | 22 |
Create emission appetite | [22,40,77,78,79,80] | 8 |
Inhibit technology transfer | [12,80,81,82,83,84] | 40 |
Reduced the pace of adoption of renewable energy technologies | [9,33,34,76,85] | 39 |
Reduced information flow on renewable energy and net-zero trajectories. | [24,86] | 6 |
Affected net-zero emissions related policy monitoring and implementation. | [23,40,87] | 4 |
Industry | Number Liquidated January–June 2021 | Number Liquidated June 2020 | Number Liquidated May 2021 | Number Liquidated June 2021 | Percentage of New/Small Firms |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 67.8 |
Mining | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 93 |
Manufacturing | 44 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 88.3 |
Electricity, gas and water | 6 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 94.5 |
Construction | 36 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 98 |
Trade, catering and accommodation | 217 | 28 | 42 | 30 | 86.5 |
Transport, storage, communication | 25 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 90.1 |
Financing, insurance, real estate | 322 | 32 | 59 | 44 | 77.8 |
Community, social, personal services | 72 | 7 | 14 | 14 | 92 |
Unclassified | 261 | 50 | 50 | 29 | 98.8 |
Total | 997 | 134 | 191 | 132 | 88.68 |
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Chapungu, L.; Nhamo, G.; Chikodzi, D.; Maoela, M.A. BRICS and the Race to Net-Zero Emissions by 2050: Is COVID-19 a Barrier or an Opportunity? J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2022, 8, 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040172
Chapungu L, Nhamo G, Chikodzi D, Maoela MA. BRICS and the Race to Net-Zero Emissions by 2050: Is COVID-19 a Barrier or an Opportunity? Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2022; 8(4):172. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040172
Chicago/Turabian StyleChapungu, Lazarus, Godwell Nhamo, David Chikodzi, and Malebajoa Anicia Maoela. 2022. "BRICS and the Race to Net-Zero Emissions by 2050: Is COVID-19 a Barrier or an Opportunity?" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 4: 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040172