The Cytokine Profile in Acute Chikungunya Infection is Predictive of Chronic Arthritis 20 Months Post Infection
Aileen Y. Chang 1,*
, Sarah Tritsch 2, St. Patrick Reid 3, Karen Martins 4, Liliana Encinales 5, Nelly Pacheco 5, Richard L. Amdur 1, Alexandra Porras-Ramirez 6, Alejandro Rico-Mendoza 6, Guangzhao Li 2, Jin Peng 2, Gary S. Firestein 7, Gary L. Simon 1 and Jeff M. Bethony 2
, Sarah Tritsch 2, St. Patrick Reid 3, Karen Martins 4, Liliana Encinales 5, Nelly Pacheco 5, Richard L. Amdur 1, Alexandra Porras-Ramirez 6, Alejandro Rico-Mendoza 6, Guangzhao Li 2, Jin Peng 2, Gary S. Firestein 7, Gary L. Simon 1 and Jeff M. Bethony 2
1
Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
2
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
3
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
4
Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
5
Department of Medicine, Allied Research Society LLC, Barranquilla, 080020, Atlántico, Colombia
6
Grupo de Medicina Comunitaria y Salud Colectiva, Universidad El Bosque, 110121, Bogotá, Colombia
7
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diseases 2018, 6(4), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6040095
Received: 19 September 2018 / Revised: 15 October 2018 / Accepted: 17 October 2018 / Published: 20 October 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-pathogen Interactions in Ebola, Chikungunya, and Zika Viruses)
Abstract
The cytokine profile during acute chikungunya infection that predicts future chronic arthritis has not yet been investigated. We conducted a nested case-control study comparing serum cytokine concentrations during acute chikungunya infection in cases (n = 121) that reported the presence of chronic joint pain versus age- and gender-matched controls (n = 121) who reported recovery at 20 months post infection. We observed that a robust cytokine response during acute infection was correlated with a decreased incidence of chronic joint pain and that low TNFα, IL-13, IL-2, and IL-4 during acute infection was predictive of chronic joint pain. These data suggest that a robust cytokine response is necessary for viral clearance and cytokines that are related to immune tolerance during acute infection may be protective for chronic arthritis pathogenesis. View Full-TextKeywords:
arthritis; chikungunya; cytokine; alphavirus
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Chang, A.Y.; Tritsch, S.; Reid, S.P.; Martins, K.; Encinales, L.; Pacheco, N.; Amdur, R.L.; Porras-Ramirez, A.; Rico-Mendoza, A.; Li, G.; Peng, J.; Firestein, G.S.; Simon, G.L.; Bethony, J.M. The Cytokine Profile in Acute Chikungunya Infection is Predictive of Chronic Arthritis 20 Months Post Infection. Diseases 2018, 6, 95.
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