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13 January 2026

An Integrative Review of the Cardiovascular Disease Spectrum: Integrating Multi-Omics and Artificial Intelligence for Precision Cardiology

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1
Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Arad County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 310037 Arad, Romania
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“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
This article belongs to the Section Cardiology

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and increasingly are recognized as a continuum of interconnected conditions rather than isolated entities. Methods: A structured narrative literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for publications from 2015 to 2025 using combinations of different keywords: “cardiovascular disease spectrum”, “multi-omics”, “precision cardiology”, “machine learning”, and “artificial intelligence in cardiology”. Results: Evidence was synthesized across seven major clusters of cardiovascular conditions, and across these domains, common biological pathways were mapped onto heterogeneous clinical phenotypes, and we summarize how multi-omics integration, AI-enabled imaging and digital tools contribute to improved risk prediction and more informed clinical decision-making within this spectrum. Conclusions: Interpreting cardiovascular conditions as components of a shared disease spectrum clarifies cross-disease interactions and supports a shift from organ- and syndrome-based classifications toward mechanism- and data-driven precision cardiology. The convergence of multi-omics, and AI offers substantial opportunities for earlier detection, individualized prevention, and tailored therapy, but requires careful attention to data quality, equity, interpretability, and practical implementation in routine care.

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