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30 December 2025

Hybrid Human–Machine Consensus Framework for SME Technology Selection: Integrating Machine Learning and Planning Poker

and
1
School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Bennett University, Greater Noida 201301, India
2
Multidisciplinary Research Centre for Innovations in SMEs (MrciS), Gisma University of Applied Sciences, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
3
Department of Economics and Business Administration, University of Alcala, 28802 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
*
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Systems2026, 14(1), 42;https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010042 
(registering DOI)
This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence and Digital Systems Engineering

Abstract

This paper proposes a hybrid collaborative framework to optimize technology selection in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) by integrating machine learning (ML) predictions with Planning Poker, consensus-based estimation technique used in agile software development. Addressing known challenges such as cognitive bias, resource constraints, and the need for inclusive decision-making, the proposed model combines data-driven suitability analysis with stakeholder-driven consensus. ML generates quantitative, criterion-wise suitability scores based on historical SME data, providing transparent baselines for evaluation. Stakeholders independently assess candidate technologies using Planning Poker, and their consensus is blended with ML predictions through a flexible weighting mechanism. An illustrative case study on CRM tool selection illustrates the framework’s practical advantages: improved decision accuracy, transparency, and greater stakeholder engagement. The methodology is iterative, allowing for continuous learning and adaptation as new data emerges. This dual approach ensures that technology adoption decisions in SMEs are both empirically validated and contextually robust, offering a significant improvement over traditional, siloed methods.

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