The Effect of Incorporating 100% of Undiluted and Diluted Reclaimed Epoxy Asphalt Materials into Pervious Cement Mixes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials
2.1. Portland Cement
2.2. Silica Fume
2.3. Aggregate
2.4. Reclaimed Epoxy Asphalt Materials
3. Mix Design
4. Specimen Casting
5. Laboratory Tests
5.1. Density Test
- M = the mass of a dry concrete sample in air (g);
- V = the volume of the concrete sample (mm3).
5.2. Permeability Test
- k = permeability coefficient (mm/s);
- a = cross section area of the specimen (mm2);
- l = length of the specimen (mm);
- A = cross-section area of the standpipe (mm2);
- t = recorded time for the water head to change from h1 to h2 (s);
- h1 = initial water head (mm);
- h2 = final water head (mm).
5.3. Compressive Strength
6. Concrete Test Results and Discussion
6.1. Density Test Results
6.2. Void Content
- T = theoretical density (kg/m3);
- D = the bulk density of a concrete specimen (kg/m3).
6.3. Permeability Test Results
6.4. Compressive Strength Test Results
7. Conclusions
- The density test results showed that replacing natural aggregates with either 100% epoxy RAP or 100% diluted epoxy RAP particles reduced the density by an average of 10%. This is consistent with the density results of concrete mixes that contain regular RAP particles and can be explained by the light weight of reclaimed materials compared with the natural aggregate.
- Results showed that adding 5% silica fume to epoxy RAP mixes did not affect the concrete specimen’s density. This is expected as the content of silica fume utilized in this study is only 5% of cement. A larger content, however, may lead to a lower density as it has a lower specific gravity compared with Portland cement.
- Incorporating epoxy RAP and diluted epoxy RAP into cement mixes increased the air content by about 25% on average compared to the natural cement mix, even with the existence of silica fume. This can be interpreted by the high air content in recycled particles compared with natural aggregates.
- Permeability is significantly increased with mixes that have 100% of both epoxy RAP and diluted epoxy RAP materials compared to the natural mix. However, adding silica fume decreased the permeability to a value similar to that of the natural mix. This is due to the existence of microsilica fume particles that filled pore spaces in the epoxy RAP and diluted epoxy RAP particles.
- Test results showed that substituting 100% of natural aggregates with either epoxy RAP or diluted epoxy RAP would reduce the compressive strength by an average of 55%. The reason behind this refers to the presence of epoxy RAP binder film and agglomerated particles in epoxy RAP that negatively affected the interfacial transition zone between the particles and cement binder.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cement (kg/m3) | 335.00 |
Water (kg/m3) | 124.00 |
Gravel (kg/m3) | 1515.00 |
Sand (kg/m3) | 106.00 |
Silica fume percentage by cement mass (%) | 5.00 |
Water cement ratio | 0.37 |
Gravel cement ratio | 4.52 |
Sand gravel ratio | 0.07 |
Mix ID | Density | Void Content (%) | Permeability (mm/s) | Compressive Strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 2075.73 | 17.0 | 5.77 | 14.31 |
ER | 1854.93 | 21.4 | 8.54 | 5.78 |
ERS | 1850.93 | 21.6 | 5.11 | 5.64 |
DER | 1846.13 | 21.8 | 9.14 | 6.81 |
DERS | 1888.31 | 20.0 | 5.69 | 5.85 |
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Alamri, M.; Lu, Q.; Elmagarhe, A.; Elnihum, A. The Effect of Incorporating 100% of Undiluted and Diluted Reclaimed Epoxy Asphalt Materials into Pervious Cement Mixes. Coatings 2023, 13, 1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071178
Alamri M, Lu Q, Elmagarhe A, Elnihum A. The Effect of Incorporating 100% of Undiluted and Diluted Reclaimed Epoxy Asphalt Materials into Pervious Cement Mixes. Coatings. 2023; 13(7):1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071178
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlamri, Mohammed, Qing Lu, Asad Elmagarhe, and Ahmed Elnihum. 2023. "The Effect of Incorporating 100% of Undiluted and Diluted Reclaimed Epoxy Asphalt Materials into Pervious Cement Mixes" Coatings 13, no. 7: 1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071178
APA StyleAlamri, M., Lu, Q., Elmagarhe, A., & Elnihum, A. (2023). The Effect of Incorporating 100% of Undiluted and Diluted Reclaimed Epoxy Asphalt Materials into Pervious Cement Mixes. Coatings, 13(7), 1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071178