Evaluation of the NG-Test CARBA 5 for Rapid Detection of Carbapenemases in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Distribution of PCR-Identified Genes and Enzymes Detected by NG-Test CARBA 5
2.2. Comparison of NG-Test CARBA 5 Performance to PCR as the Reference Method for Carbapenemase Gene Detection
2.3. Agreement Between NG-Test CARBA 5 and PCR
3. Discussion
4. Methods
4.1. Isolates
4.2. NG-Test CARBA 5 Assay
4.3. DNA Isolation and Detection of Carbapenemase Genes by PCR
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Categories | Number of Isolates (Percentage %) | |
---|---|---|
Specimen | Urine culture | 34 (10.9) |
Blood culture | 171 (54.8) | |
BAL | 13 (4.2) | |
Aspirate | 67 (21.5) | |
Kiss swab | 25 (8.0) | |
Liquor | 2 (0.6) | |
PCR-NDM | Negative | 235 (75.3) |
Positive | 77 (24.7) | |
PCR-OXA48 | Negative | 102 (32.7) |
Positive | 210 (67.3) | |
PCR-KPC | Negative | 255 (81.7) |
Positive | 57 (18.3) | |
PCR-VIM | Negative | 307 (98.4) |
Positive | 5 (1.6) | |
PCR-IMP | Negative | 312 (100.0) |
Positive | 0 (0.0) | |
NG-Test CARBA 5/NDM | Negative | 241 (77.2) |
Positive | 71 (22.8) | |
NG-Test CARBA 5/OXA48 | Negative | 108 (34.6) |
Positive | 204 (65.4) | |
NG-Test CARBA 5/KPC | Negative | 257 (82.4) |
Positive | 55 (17.6) | |
NG-Test CARBA 5/VIM | Negative | 312 (100.0) |
Positive | 0 (0.0) | |
NG-Test CARBA 5/IMP | Negative | 312 (100.0) |
Positive | 0 (0.0) | |
All PCR | Negative | 2 (0.6) |
One gene detected | 272 (87.2) | |
Two genes detected | 37 (11.9) | |
Three genes detected | 1 (0.3) | |
All NG-Test Carba5 | Negative | 6 (1.9) |
Single carbapenemase detected | 282 (90.4) | |
Double carbapenemases detected | 24 (7.7) |
Results by Reference Methods | NG CARBA 5 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TP | FP | TN | FN | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Positive Predictive Value (%) | Negative Predictive Value (%) | |
PCR-NDM | 71 | 0 | 235 | 6 | 92.2 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 97.5 |
PCR-OXA48 | 204 | 0 | 102 | 6 | 97.1 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 94.4 |
PCR-KPC | 55 | 0 | 255 | 2 | 96.5 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 99.2 |
PCR-VIM | 0 | 0 | 307 | 5 | / | 100.0 | / | 98.4 |
PCR-IMP | 0 | 0 | 312 | 0 | / | 100.0 | / | 100.0 |
ALL PCR | 306 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 98.7 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 66.7 |
PCR vs. NG-Test CARBA 5 | Kappa | p |
---|---|---|
PCR-blaNDM vs. NG CARBA 5 NDM | 0.947 | <0.001 |
PCR-blaOXA48-like vs. NG CARBA 5 OXA48-like | 0.957 | <0.001 |
PCR-blaKPC vs. NG CARBA 5 KPC | 0.978 | <0.001 |
PCR-blaVIM vs. NG CARBA 5 VIM | 0.000 | 1.000 |
PCR-blaIMP vs. NG CARBA 5 IMP | / | / |
ALL blaPCR vs. all NG CARBA 5 | 0.495 | <0.001 |
Primer | Sequence 5′–3′ | Amplicon Size (bp) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
blaKPC Fw | ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCT | 893 | [48] |
blaKPC Rw | TTTTCAGAGCCTTACTGCCC | ||
blaVIM Fw | GATGGTGTTTGGTCGCATA | 390 | [49] |
blaVIM Rw | CGAATGCGCAGCACCAG | ||
blaNDM Fw | GGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGT | 475 | [50] |
blaNDM Rw | GTAGTGCTCAGTGTCGGCAT | ||
blaIMP Fw | GGAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTCTC | 188 | [49] |
blaIMP Rw | CCAAACCACTACGTTATCT | ||
blaOXA-48-like Fw | TTGGTGGCATCGATTATCGG | 744 | [51] |
blaOXA-48-like Rw | GAGCACTTCTTTTGTGATGGC |
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Rakonjac, B.; Djurić, M.; Djurić-Petković, D.; Dabić, J.; Simonović, M.; Milić, M.; Arsović, A. Evaluation of the NG-Test CARBA 5 for Rapid Detection of Carbapenemases in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics 2025, 14, 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14100989
Rakonjac B, Djurić M, Djurić-Petković D, Dabić J, Simonović M, Milić M, Arsović A. Evaluation of the NG-Test CARBA 5 for Rapid Detection of Carbapenemases in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics. 2025; 14(10):989. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14100989
Chicago/Turabian StyleRakonjac, Bojan, Momčilo Djurić, Danijela Djurić-Petković, Jelena Dabić, Marko Simonović, Marija Milić, and Aleksandra Arsović. 2025. "Evaluation of the NG-Test CARBA 5 for Rapid Detection of Carbapenemases in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae" Antibiotics 14, no. 10: 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14100989
APA StyleRakonjac, B., Djurić, M., Djurić-Petković, D., Dabić, J., Simonović, M., Milić, M., & Arsović, A. (2025). Evaluation of the NG-Test CARBA 5 for Rapid Detection of Carbapenemases in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics, 14(10), 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14100989