Assessment of the Prescriptions of Systemic Antibiotics in Primary Dental Care in Germany from 2017 to 2021: A Longitudinal Drug Utilization Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Dental Prescriptions by Year and Substance
2.2. All Antibiotic Prescriptions by Year and Substance
2.3. Antibiotic Prescriptions by Month
2.4. Analysis of Clindamycin Prescriptions
3. Discussion
3.1. Prescriptions of All Antibiotics in Primary Dental Care
3.2. Prescriptions of Clindamycin in Primary Dental Care
3.3. Prescriptions of Other Antibiotics in Primary Dental Care
3.4. Strengths and Limitations
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design
4.2. Classification of Data and Measurement of Antibiotic Prescriptions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Substance | DID | % | DID | % | DID | % | DID | % | DID | % | Δ | Δ% |
All antibiotics | 1.200 | 100.0% | 1.185 | 100.0% | 1.193 | 100.0% | 1.169 | 100.0% | 1.245 | 100.0% | 0.045 | 3.7% |
Amoxicillin | 0.505 | 42.1% | 0.530 | 44.7% | 0.560 | 47.0% | 0.570 | 48.7% | 0.627 | 50.4% | 0.122 | 24.2% |
Clindamycin | 0.374 | 31.1% | 0.340 | 28.7% | 0.319 | 26.8% | 0.295 | 25.2% | 0.294 | 23.6% | −0.080 | −21.4% |
Amoxicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor | 0.100 | 8.4% | 0.113 | 9.5% | 0.128 | 10.8% | 0.139 | 11.9% | 0.164 | 13.1% | 0.064 | 62.8% |
Phenoxymethylpenicillin | 0.110 | 9.2% | 0.099 | 8.3% | 0.090 | 7.5% | 0.079 | 6.8% | 0.075 | 6.0% | −0.035 | −32.1% |
Doxycycline | 0.036 | 3.0% | 0.032 | 2.7% | 0.030 | 2.5% | 0.027 | 2.3% | 0.026 | 2.1% | −0.010 | −26.2% |
Cefuroxime | 0.028 | 2.3% | 0.026 | 2.2% | 0.024 | 2.0% | 0.022 | 1.9% | 0.022 | 1.8% | −0.006 | −20.7% |
Metronidazole | 0.015 | 1.3% | 0.015 | 1.3% | 0.016 | 1.3% | 0.014 | 1.2% | 0.014 | 1.1% | −0.001 | −8.9% |
Other antibiotics | 0.032 | 2.6% | 0.030 | 2.6% | 0.026 | 2.1% | 0.023 | 2.0% | 0.023 | 1.9% | −0.009 | –28.7% |
Year | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Substance | DID | % | DID | % | DID | % | DID | % | DID | % | Δ | Δ% |
All antibiotics | 12.581 | 100.0% | 11.925 | 100.0% | 11.242 | 100.0% | 8.786 | 100.0% | 8.056 | 100.0% | −4.525 | −36.0% |
Amoxicillin | 2.332 | 18.5% | 2.379 | 19.9% | 2.332 | 20.7% | 1.702 | 19.4% | 1.575 | 19.6% | −0.757 | −32.5% |
Doxycycline | 1.602 | 12.7% | 1.506 | 12.6% | 1.392 | 12.4% | 1.274 | 14.5% | 1.156 | 14.4% | −0.446 | −27.8% |
Cefuroxime | 2.144 | 17.0% | 1.899 | 15.9% | 1.743 | 15.5% | 1.207 | 13.7% | 0.994 | 12.3% | −1.150 | −53.7% |
Amoxicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor | 0.576 | 4.6% | 0.645 | 5.4% | 0.748 | 6.6% | 0.704 | 8.0% | 0.753 | 9.3% | 0.177 | 30.8% |
Clindamycin | 0.626 | 5.0% | 0.591 | 5.0% | 0.575 | 5.1% | 0.533 | 6.1% | 0.525 | 6.5% | −0.101 | −16.2% |
Phenoxymethylpenicillin | 0.636 | 5.1% | 0.607 | 5.1% | 0.610 | 5.4% | 0.397 | 4.5% | 0.298 | 3.7% | −0.338 | −53.1% |
Metronidazole | 0.079 | 0.6% | 0.077 | 0.6% | 0.074 | 0.7% | 0.070 | 0.8% | 0.069 | 0.9% | −0.010 | −13.0% |
Other antibiotics | 4.586 | 36.5% | 4.221 | 35.5% | 3.768 | 33.6% | 2.899 | 33.0% | 2.686 | 33.3% | −1.900 | −41.4% |
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Gradl, G.; Kieble, M.; Nagaba, J.; Schulz, M. Assessment of the Prescriptions of Systemic Antibiotics in Primary Dental Care in Germany from 2017 to 2021: A Longitudinal Drug Utilization Study. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 1723. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121723
Gradl G, Kieble M, Nagaba J, Schulz M. Assessment of the Prescriptions of Systemic Antibiotics in Primary Dental Care in Germany from 2017 to 2021: A Longitudinal Drug Utilization Study. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(12):1723. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121723
Chicago/Turabian StyleGradl, Gabriele, Marita Kieble, Jens Nagaba, and Martin Schulz. 2022. "Assessment of the Prescriptions of Systemic Antibiotics in Primary Dental Care in Germany from 2017 to 2021: A Longitudinal Drug Utilization Study" Antibiotics 11, no. 12: 1723. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121723