Search Results (537)

Background: Antibiotics are commonly used in gynecology, yet only limited outpatient prescribing data are available in Germany. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of antibiotic prescriptions in gynecological practices and to identify patient and diagnostic factors. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using anonymized electronic records from the IQVIA Disease Analyzer, including 344,187 women aged ≥16 years who had at least one gynecological visit in 2024. The primary outcome of interest was the prescription of an antibiotic. Consequently, the prevalence of antibiotic prescriptions was calculated overall and stratified by age group. Associations between potential factors and antibiotic prescriptions were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The overall prescription prevalence was 8.4% (29,007/344,187). Regarding the age distribution within the prescribed sample, the highest percentages were observed among women aged 31–40 years (25.6%) and 16–30 years (25.4%), while those aged 51–60 and >60 made up 12.9% and 19.1%, respectively. The most commonly prescribed agents were fosfomycin trometamol (35.9%), clindamycin (17.6%), and pivmecillinam (10.7%). Mastitis (OR 63.54, 95% CI 55.79–72.38), acute cystitis (OR 43.67, 95% CI 41.63–45.80), and unspecified urinary tract infection (OR 31.58, 95% CI 20.11–33.12) were strongly positively associated with AB prescription. Positive associations were also observed for acute vaginitis (OR 3.44, 95% CI 3.30–3.58), chlamydial infection (OR 6.27, 95% CI 5.77–6.81), and pregnancy (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.85–2.05). Negative associations were observed for dysmenorrhea (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.48–0.56), irregular menstruation (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.60–0.71), menopausal disorders (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.48–0.53), and ovarian cysts (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.72–0.84). Conclusions: Antibiotic use in gynecology is low and strongly diagnosis-driven, primarily for urogenital infections. Signals of inappropriate prescribing in patients with candidiasis suggest a need for improved diagnostic accuracy and guideline adherence. Full article

Background: Amoxicillin, clindamycin and azithromycin are the most frequently prescribed antibiotics for odontogenic infections, but their comparative effects on gut microbiota and intestinal homeostasis remain insufficiently understood. Disruption of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and mucosal barrier integrity may contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms. We aimed to compare the impacts of these antibiotics on gut microbiota, SCFA levels, and colonic goblet cells. Methods: C57BL/6N mice were treated with oral amoxicillin, clindamycin, or azithromycin at clinically relevant dosages. Cecal index, fecal water content, and diarrhea index were assessed during treatment and recovery. Gut microbiota composition and absolute bacterial abundance were determined using 16S rRNA amplicon absolute quantification sequencing. SCFAs in cecal contents were quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Goblet cell abundance and Muc2 mRNA expression in colon tissues were evaluated using Alcian blue staining and RT-PCR. Results: Amoxicillin caused moderate increases in cecal index, reduced Ligilactobacillus abundance, increased Escherichia-Shigella, lowered SCFA levels, and decreased goblet cells and Muc2 expression, with partial recovery after two weeks. Clindamycin induced more severe dysbiosis, including sustained Proteobacteria expansion, persistent loss of beneficial taxa, 86–90% reduction in SCFA production, and lasting decreases in goblet cells and Muc2 expression without recovery during the observation period. Azithromycin caused mild and reversible changes across all parameters. Conclusions: Among the three antibiotics, azithromycin had the least detrimental effects on gut microbiota, SCFA production, and mucosal barrier function, whereas clindamycin caused profound and persistent intestinal disruption. These findings provide comparative evidence to inform antibiotic selection in clinical practices. Full article

Background: Canine skin and ear infections are common in small-animal practice and increasingly complicated by multidrug resistance (MDR), yet data from Serbia are limited. This study aimed to describe the bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns in canine otitis externa and pyoderma. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed laboratory records from the Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade (January 2017–August 2024). A total of 422 non-invasive swabs from clinically ill dogs were included (ears: n = 210; skin: n = 212). Bacterial identification used conventional methods and commercial systems, and disk-diffusion susceptibility testing followed CLSI/EUCAST guidance. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci was assessed by cefoxitin/oxacillin screening; MRSA was confirmed by PCR and PBP2a detection. Resistance trends were compared between 2017–2020 and 2021–2024. Results: The leading pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (ears 48.1%; skin 79.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ears 29.1%; skin 7.6%). Staphylococci showed high resistance to macrolides, clindamycin, tetracycline, and first-line β-lactams (amoxicillin–clavulanate, cephalexin), with the highest susceptibilities to amikacin, florfenicol, and rifampicin. P. aeruginosa remained most susceptible to amikacin, polymyxin B, and imipenem. Between the two periods, S. pseudintermedius resistance increased to amikacin, fusidic acid, and cephalexin, while resistance to florfenicol decreased. P. aeruginosa resistance to imipenem increased. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) was 27.4% (74/270). MDR S. pseudintermedius and MDR P. aeruginosa were identified in 38.5% and 53.3% of isolates, respectively. One isolate of each species was resistant to all tested drugs. Conclusions: These findings confirm high levels of antimicrobial resistance in major canine skin and ear pathogens and emphasize the need for susceptibility-based therapy, rational antimicrobial use, and ongoing surveillance in small-animal practice. Full article

Background/Objectives: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) represent the most common manifestations of drug-induced allergy, with most unfavorable clinical outcomes seen in severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). To manage SCARs immediate cessation of the offending drug is needed; therefore, it is crucial to identify the list of medications associated with SCARs in real-world clinical practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of drugs associated with SCARs and to analyze drug-induced SCAR signals by calculating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR) based on spontaneous reports extracted from the Russian national pharmacovigilance database. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive pharmacoepidemiological analysis of spontaneous reports (SRs) registered in the pharmacovigilance database from 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2025. Results: A total of 7011 SRs with SCARs were finally revealed, with 907 identified drug triggers. The most frequently reported were antibacterial drugs for systemic use (22.8%), antineoplastic agents (17.8%), and antiepileptics (6.0%). The top five drugs involved in SCARs were dupilumab (2.14%, n = 244), piperacillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor (2.0%, n = 227), pembrolizumab (1.98%, n = 225), levofloxacin (1.95%, n = 222), and linagliptin (1.93%, n = 220). The strongest signals were detected for linagliptin (PRR = 15.37, 95% CI: 13.54–17.44; ROR = 17.24, 95% CI: 14.95–19.88), followed by clindamycin (PRR = 12.44, 95% CI: 10.89–14.21; ROR = 13.62, 95% CI: 11.77–15.77) and by piperacillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor (PRR = 10.02, 95% CI: 8.86–11.43; ROR = 10.81, 95% CI: 9.42–12.40). Conclusions: Pharmacovigilance databases facilitate the identification of diverse phenotypes of SCARs and the list of culprit drugs. The accumulated data serve as a valuable tool to enhance clinical practice outcomes and strengthen overall healthcare monitoring. Full article

Subclinical mastitis is a major but often overlooked constraint to dairy productivity, causing economic losses through reduced milk yield and quality. In Romania, comprehensive data on the bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of subclinical mastitis are limited. This study aimed to characterize the etiological agents and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of major bacterial pathogens isolated from subclinical mastitis cases in dairy cows from Western Romania. Between 2021 and 2022, milk samples were collected from 117 lactating cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis on three dairy farms. Bacterial isolation and differentiation were performed on ChromID^® CPS^® Elite Agar, and isolates were confirmed by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolates was conducted using the automated Vitek^®2 system, interpreted according to CLSI veterinary standards. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial classes. Bacterial growth occurred in 51 of 117 samples (43.6%). S. aureus subsp. aureus predominated (28.2%), followed by E. coli (4.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (2.3%), and Streptococcus uberis (2.3%). Mixed infections occurred in 6.0% of positive samples. Among S. aureus, the highest resistance rates were to fosfomycin (58.3%), penicillin (44.4%), clindamycin (44.4%), and tetracycline (41.7%), with 47.2% MDR isolates. E. coli showed resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (88.9%), ampicillin (55.6%), and cefotaxime (55.6%), with 66.6% MDR. S. aureus remains the leading cause of subclinical mastitis in Western Romania. The high MDR rates highlight the need for targeted antimicrobial stewardship, culture-based therapy, and continuous AMR monitoring under the “One Health” framework. Full article

Background/Objectives: The widespread use of antibiotics in livestock has raised concerns about commensal gut bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acting as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles of LAB isolated from livestock feces by combining phenotypic susceptibility testing with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their genomic context. Methods: Four LAB strains from farm animal fecal samples were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing for 9 antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and vancomycin) using MIC determinations. WGS was performed on each isolate to detect ARGs using curated databases and to determine the chromosomal or plasmid location of these genes. Results: All four isolates exhibited phenotypic resistance to at least one antibiotic class, most frequently to aminoglycosides. However, discrepancies between phenotype and genotype were noted: resistance to aminoglycosides was common despite the absence of known aminoglycoside-resistance genes, suggesting intrinsic, uptake-related mechanisms. In contrast, one strain carried the chromosomal lsa(D) gene but remained susceptible to clindamycin. WGS revealed that all strains harbored the chromosomal van(T) gene, while one isolate carried three additional plasmid-borne ARGs—erm(B), cat(A), and tet(W)—conferring resistance to macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin antibiotics, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Another strain encoded van(Y), lsa(D), and arr on its chromosome. The detection of multiple plasmid-located ARGs in a single LAB isolate highlights their potential for horizontal gene transfer. Conclusions: This study provides a detailed phenotypic and genomic insight into antibiotic resistance in gut-derived LAB from livestock. The findings highlight that commensal LAB can harbor clinically relevant ARGs—sometimes on mobile genetic elements—without always expressing corresponding resistance phenotypes. Such LAB may serve as a hidden reservoir for antibiotic resistance, raising the risk of ARG dissemination through the food chain. These results underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring and genomic screening of LAB, especially those considered for use in foods or feed, to ensure they do not contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Full article

Background: Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) is widely used for local antibiotic delivery in joint arthroplasty to prevent and treat prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of cemented Kirschner (K)-wires coated with various ALBC formulations using a Galleria mellonella infection model against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: We tested commercially available bone cements, including gentamicin-only formulations (PALACOS R+G) and dual-antibiotic formulations, combining gentamicin with either clindamycin (COPAL G+C) or vancomycin (COPAL G+V), alongside an antibiotic-free control (PALACOS R). In vitro assays—including minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) determination, antibiotic release kinetics, agar diffusion, and antibiofilm evaluations—demonstrated effective antibiotic release and significant antimicrobial activity against both planktonic and biofilm-associated bacteria. Results: In vivo, ALBC-coated K-wires were well tolerated in G. mellonella and significantly protected the larvae from S. aureus infection compared to controls. Notably, dual-antibiotic formulations provided superior protection, correlating with substantial reductions in bacterial colonisation on implant surfaces and in surrounding tissues. Conclusions: These findings support the utility of the G. mellonella model as a high-throughput, cost-effective platform for the preclinical evaluation of antimicrobial strategies to prevent and treat PJIs and further demonstrate the effectiveness of dual-loaded ALBC against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Full article

Background/Objectives: Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium and a leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. In this study, C. difficile strains isolated from human patients with diarrhea and companion dogs in South Korea were compared to reveal the potential transmission between different hosts. Methods: A total of 304 C. difficile strains were isolated, including 217 human isolates and 87 dog isolates. The strains were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility and genotypic features, including antimicrobial resistant genes and toxin genes. In addition, comparative genomic analyses were performed to investigate their genetic relatedness. Results: Although antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed no significant difference in overall resistance, human isolates had higher resistance to moxifloxacin and cefotetan, while dog isolates showed slightly higher resistance to clindamycin and ampicillin. Resistance to vancomycin (3.7%), rifampin (8.3%), and chloramphenicol (0.9%) was observed only in human isolates. Toxin genes (tcdA and tcdB) were found in 57.1% of human isolates and 43.7% of dog isolates, while binary toxin genes (cdtA and cdtB) were detected only in isolates from humans. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis identified 34 sequence types (STs) in human isolates and 16 in dog isolates. Among them, 15 STs were detected in the isolates from both origins; notably, ST203 and ST42 were the predominant taxa that were equally derived from humans and dogs. Although tcdA and tcdB have not been previously reported in ST203, they were detected in 7 out of 34 ST203 isolates. The whole genomes of 36 representative isolates belonging to ST42 and ST203 were classified according to the STs of the source origin. Conclusions: These results indicate that similar C. difficile strain populations are present in both humans and companion dogs, which is compatible with interspecies dissemination or circulation of shared strain populations, and may also reflect host adaptation. Full article

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health concern affecting both medicine and food safety. While Listeria monocytogenes is the primary pathogen of concern, Listeria innocua—commonly found in food and food-processing environments—may serve as a reservoir for resistance genes and a useful indicator of species for surveillance. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility and detect resistance-associated genes in L. innocua isolates from meat products and processing environments in Poland. Methods: A total of 51 L. innocua isolates were analyzed, originating from raw and processed meat products as well as meat-processing environments. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disc diffusion method against 18 antibiotics representing multiple classes. Phenotypic resistance was interpreted following CLSI guidelines (CLSI, 2020). Isolates exhibiting resistance or intermediate resistance were further screened for resistance-associated genes using PCR. Results: All isolates were fully susceptible to ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin. High susceptibility was observed for ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, meropenem, trimethoprim, and nitrofurantoin, with only sporadic intermediate responses. Moderate resistance levels were noted for streptomycin (10%) and tetracycline (12%). The lowest susceptibility was recorded for clindamycin and linezolid, with most isolates exhibiting intermediate or resistant phenotypes. Universal resistance to cefotaxime and oxacillin was found. Eighteen distinct resistance patterns were identified. PCR confirmed the presence of several resistance-associated genes, including mecA, lnuA, lnuB, cfr, optrA, and poxtA, consistent with observed phenotypes. Conclusions: This study provides the first detailed characterization of AMR in L. innocua from Polish meat and processing environments. The findings highlight its heterogeneous resistance profiles and potential role as a reservoir of clinically relevant resistance genes. Incorporating L. innocua into surveillance programs may strengthen early detection of emerging resistance and enhance food safety monitoring. Full article

Introduction: Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen of great relevance to the swine industry, characterized by high genetic diversity and multiple serovars (SVs) with varying clinical prevalence. Biofilm formation represents a key factor in its virulence, antimicrobial resistance and infection persistence. Methods: We integrated gene expression profiling of biofilm-associated genes by RT-qPCR and antimicrobial susceptibility in planktonic and mature biofilm against five antibiotics in S. suis field isolates belonging to SV1, SV2, SV7 and SV9. Results: Expression of quorum sensing and adhesion genes (luxS, fbps, sadP and srtA) was significantly higher in SV2, the poorest biofilm formers, and inversely correlated with biofilm biomass, suggesting these factors act during early biofilm establishment. Correlation analysis indicated coordinated regulation among genes involved in quorum sensing, adhesion and capsule synthesis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a high frequency of non-wild type phenotypes in planktonic cells for tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin (>80%), while ampicillin and ciprofloxacin were less frequent. Mature biofilms exhibited a significant increase in antimicrobial tolerance for all antibiotics tested, with SV2 showing the greatest susceptibility. Conclusions: These data highlight serovar-specific biofilm regulation patterns and enhanced drug tolerance in established S. suis biofilms. Full article

Background/Objectives: Osteoarticular infections are common complications of sickle cell disease (SCD), often posing significant challenges in diagnosis and management. They primarily affect children: however, the recurrence or emergence of these infections in adults as new complications is well documented. Despite this, there is a notable lack of literature focused on diagnosis and management strategies for adult SCD patients. Our research aims to explore the management challenges in adult SCD patients and to evaluate the outcomes of a selected conservative management approach. Methods: The authors conducted a single-center retrospective observational study from January 2018 to December 2022. All adult SCD patients admitted with suspected or confirmed osteoarticular infections were included. Relevant data were meticulously extracted from patients’ hard and electronic medical files. Descriptive statistics were used to present the frequencies and percentages, and suitable statistical analyses were employed to identify specific clinical features and management outcomes in adult patients with SCD. Results: Thirty-one patients with osteoarticular infections were included; the majority were males (87.1%) with a mean age of 26.55 years. Long bones were frequently affected, with femurs being the most infected sites (28.1%). Infection recurred in 41.9% of patients. Most patients were managed conservatively (93.5%), primarily with clindamycin and ciprofloxacin, for approximately six weeks, resulting in an excellent cure rate of 96.8%. Conclusions: The current study highlights the specific clinical features of osteoarticular infections in adult patients with SCD, identifies radiological findings on Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and suggests a conservative, non-invasive approach for management with excellent outcomes. Full article

Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is a fulminant bovine disease across Asia and Africa, yet Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) isolated from yak is poorly reported. We isolated strain NQ01 from a fatal HS case in Xizang, China and identified it as P. multocida B:2 by morphology, Gram stain, and PCR (kmt1⁺, bcbD⁺, LPS L2). NQO1 formed smooth, non-hemolytic colonies. After Gram staining, the cells appeared as red rods with bipolar staining. Antimicrobial testing showed broad susceptibility to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, midecamycin, florfenicol, polymyxin, and vancomycin, with resistance to metronidazole, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, and clindamycin. Streptomycin and ofloxacin had intermediate activity. In mice, the intraperitoneal and intranasal LD₅₀ values were 40.64 CFU/mL and 9.53 × 10⁶ CFU/mL, respectively. The intranasal fatal cases were characterized by bacteremia with multifocal disseminated intravascular coagulation involving lung, liver, and spleen. The complete genome comprises a single 2.33 Mb chromosome (40.47% GC, 2115 CDS, no plasmids) with only one resistance gene (Eco_EFTu_PLV) and 28 virulence genes spanning adhesion (tadA, rcpA, ppdD, pilB, tuf/tufA, htpB, PM_RS00430, PM_RS00425, PM_RS08640), immune modulation (lpxB/C/D, msbB, manB, rfaE/F, gmhA/lpcA, kdsA, pgi, wecA, galE, bexD’, ABZJ_RS06285, ABD1_RS00310), and nutritional/metabolic factor (hgbA, hemR, hemN), plus a YadA-like factor. Phylogenetically, NQ01 clusters with regional B:2 bovine/yak isolates. Collectively, these data define NQ01 as a highly virulent, low-resistance yak isolate and a practical model for natural-route HS pathogenesis and targeted control in high-altitude pastoral settings yaks. Full article

Toxoplasma gondii is the most common infectious cause of posterior uveitis in immunocompetent adults. While the parasite is typically acquired through ingestion of undercooked meat or contaminated food and water, unpasteurized goat milk has been identified as a less frequent but plausible source of infection. Coinfections in ocular toxoplasmosis are rare, and the role of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in these coinfections remains poorly understood. We report the case of a 70-year-old immunocompetent male presenting with severe, refractory panuveitis in the left eye. Initial serologic testing confirmed acquired Toxoplasma gondii infection, and treatment was initiated with systemic antimicrobials and corticosteroids. Intraocular inflammation persisted despite sequential therapy with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, and azithromycin, eventually requiring pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone due to non-clearing vitreous hemorrhage. Vitreous PCR testing revealed intraocular concurrent detection of EBV DNA, prompting combined antimicrobial and antiviral therapy. Epidemiological history revealed recent consumption of unpasteurized goat milk, suggesting a potential oral transmission route for Toxoplasma gondii. Although visual acuity improved following surgical intervention and targeted therapy, it remained markedly compromised due to the severity of the disease. This case illustrates the diagnostic value of multiplex PCR in refractory uveitis, enabling the detection of Toxoplasma gondii and the concurrent detection of EBV DNA in an immunocompetent patient. It highlights the importance of early molecular testing and detailed epidemiological assessment, including atypical transmission routes such as unpasteurized goat milk. Full article

Background/Objectives: The rising global prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, has resulted in an increase in the number of affected patients requiring dental care. The heightened risk of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in IBD patients, particularly when exposed to commonly used dental antibiotics, is attributable to their altered gut microbiota and frequent immunosuppressive therapy. The objective of this review is to evaluate current antibiotic strategies for dental management in IBD and to identify safe and effective alternatives that minimise CDI risk. Methods: A narrative review was conducted in accordance with the SANRA guidelines. A comprehensive analysis of literature sourced from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted. Results: The available evidence suggests that first- and second-line dental antibiotics—amoxicillin, ampicillin, and clindamycin—carry the highest risk of CDI. In contrast, metronidazole, which exhibits a comparable antimicrobial spectrum, has been shown to possess significantly reduced CDI potential and minimal disruption of gut microbiota. The utilisation of emerging local delivery systems, such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), has the potential to further reduce systemic antibiotic exposure. The adjunctive use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics has been demonstrated to have the capacity to maintain microbial balance during therapy. Conclusions: Tailored, microbiome-conscious antibiotic strategies are essential in dental management of IBD patients. Further clinical research is needed to develop evidence-based guidelines and validate promising adjunctive approaches. Full article

(1) This study explored Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MS27, a newly isolated strain, as a potential probiotic candidate for alleviating the onset and severity of ulcerative colitis (UC). (2) L. rhamnosus MS27 was isolated and subjected to biochemical identification, antibiotic sensitivity testing, and antibacterial activity assessment. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model mice were used to evaluate its alleviating effects. In this study, 16S rRNA microbiome and eukaryotes reference transcriptome analyses were conducted to investigate its impact on intestinal microbial ecology and potential molecular mechanisms. (3) L. rhamnosus MS27 exhibits high acid tolerance at pH 3.23 and maintains a high viable bacterial count for 24 h. It can utilize sucrose, lactose, maltose, inulin, esculin, salicin, and mannitol but not raffinose, and it is sensitive to carbenicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and penicillin. It effectively increases the abundance of beneficial microbes, particularly Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri (p < 0.05), while significantly reducing microorganisms linked to human pathogens causing diarrhea and gastroenteritis (p < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of Igkv16-104 and C1qtnf3 were significantly downregulated in the presence of L. rhamnosus MS27 treatment compared to DSS treatment alone (p < 0.05). Further analysis revealed significant differences in genes related to immune functions, antigen presentation, and immune cell markers, indicating potential protein–protein interaction networks, particularly among genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). (4) L. rhamnosus MS27, as a novel strain, demonstrates a significant capacity to alleviate inflammatory phenotypes. L. rhamnosus MS27 exhibits distinctive metabolic characteristics in lactic acid utilization, acetic acid and oleic acid production. Furthermore, it contributes to systemic homeostasis regulation by modulating Turicibacter to link intestinal microbiota composition with host immune function. Full article