The Role of Electronic Noses in Phenotyping Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
1
Unit of Internal Medicine, Campus Bio Medico University and Teaching Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy
2
Unit of Geriatrics, Campus Bio Medico University and Teaching Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy
3
Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Centre, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
4
Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Unit, Policlinico University Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
5
Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
6
Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biosensors 2020, 10(11), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10110171
Received: 13 October 2020 / Revised: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 / Published: 11 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Noses for Biomedical Applications and Environmental Monitoring II)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common progressive disorder of the respiratory system which is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide. Exhaled breath analysis is a non-invasive method to study lung diseases, and electronic noses have been extensively used in breath research. Studies with electronic noses have proved that the pattern of exhaled volatile organic compounds is different in COPD. More recent investigations have reported that electronic noses could potentially distinguish different endotypes (i.e., neutrophilic vs. eosinophilic) and are able to detect microorganisms in the airways responsible for exacerbations. This article will review the published literature on electronic noses and COPD and help in identifying methodological, physiological, and disease-related factors which could affect the results.
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Keywords:
COPD; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; e-nose; electronic nose; VOCs; volatile organic compounds
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Scarlata, S.; Finamore, P.; Meszaros, M.; Dragonieri, S.; Bikov, A. The Role of Electronic Noses in Phenotyping Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Biosensors 2020, 10, 171.
AMA Style
Scarlata S, Finamore P, Meszaros M, Dragonieri S, Bikov A. The Role of Electronic Noses in Phenotyping Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Biosensors. 2020; 10(11):171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleScarlata, Simone; Finamore, Panaiotis; Meszaros, Martina; Dragonieri, Silvano; Bikov, Andras. 2020. "The Role of Electronic Noses in Phenotyping Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease" Biosensors 10, no. 11: 171.
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