Transcriptome Profiling and Toxicity Following Long-Term, Low Dose Exposure of Human Lung Cells to Ni and NiO Nanoparticles—Comparison with NiCl2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Nanoparticles and Characteristics
2.2. Cell Culture and Exposures
2.3. Alamar Blue
2.4. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
2.5. Comet Assay
2.6. Micronucleus Flow Cytometric Assay
2.7. Invasion-Migration Assay
2.8. Soft Agar Cell Transformation and Colony-Forming Efficiency Assays
2.9. RNA Extraction
2.10. RNA Sequencing and Data Analysis
2.11. Pathway, Network and Gene Enrichment Analysis
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Ni and NiO NPs, but Not Soluble Ni, Are Readily Taken up by Human Lung Cells
3.2. RNA Sequencing Reveals Gene Expression Changes Following Six-Week Exposure of BEAS-2B Cells to Ni
3.3. Pathway Enrichment and Upstream Regulator Analysis
3.4. Nickel-Containing NPs Induce DNA Strand Breaks and Alter Cell Cycle after Six Weeks of Repeated Exposure in BEAS-2B Cells
3.5. No Clear Changes in Cell Transformation or Cell Motility
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gliga, A.R.; Di Bucchianico, S.; Åkerlund, E.; Karlsson, H.L. Transcriptome Profiling and Toxicity Following Long-Term, Low Dose Exposure of Human Lung Cells to Ni and NiO Nanoparticles—Comparison with NiCl2. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040649
Gliga AR, Di Bucchianico S, Åkerlund E, Karlsson HL. Transcriptome Profiling and Toxicity Following Long-Term, Low Dose Exposure of Human Lung Cells to Ni and NiO Nanoparticles—Comparison with NiCl2. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(4):649. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040649
Chicago/Turabian StyleGliga, Anda R., Sebastiano Di Bucchianico, Emma Åkerlund, and Hanna L. Karlsson. 2020. "Transcriptome Profiling and Toxicity Following Long-Term, Low Dose Exposure of Human Lung Cells to Ni and NiO Nanoparticles—Comparison with NiCl2" Nanomaterials 10, no. 4: 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040649