Fate of Fertilizer-Derived N Applied to Enhance Rice Straw Decomposition in a Paddy Field during the Fallow Season under Cool Temperature Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Setup and Cultivation
2.2. Investigation of the Growth of Rice Plants
2.3. Sample Collection and Analysis
2.4. Calculation of the Fertilizer-Derived N Distribution
2.5. Analysis of Labile Soil N Derived from Fertilizer
= Total soil N derived from fertilizer (g N m−2)
− Labile soil N derived from fertilizer (g N m−2)
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Rice Straw Decomposition during the Fallow Sseason
3.2. Dynamics of Fertilizer-Derived N during the Fallow Season
3.3. Effect on the Growth and N Uptake of Rice Plants
3.4. Dynamics of Fertilizer-Derived N during Rice Growing Season
4. Discussion
4.1. Rice Straw Decomposition
4.2. Dynamics of Fertilizer N and its Effect on Plant Growth
4.3. Further Implications
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Practice | Date | |
---|---|---|
Akita | Miyagi | |
Soil collection | 30 September 2013 | 7 October 2013 |
Frame install (fallow) | 17 October 2013 | 15 October 2013 |
Frame collection and sampling(soil and rice straw, before cultivation) | 7 April 2014 | 5 April 2014 |
Frame install (paddy) and transplanting | 28 May 2014 | 15 May 2014 |
Plant growth investigation (tillering stage) | 25 June 2014 (28) | 23 June 2014 (39) |
Plant growth investigation (maximum tiller number stage) | 6 July 2014 (39) | 7 July 2014 (53) |
Plant growth investigation and sampling (plant, panicle initiation stage) | 14 July 2014 (47) | 14 July 2014 (60) |
Mid-season drainage | - | Late June 2014 (one week) |
Start of intermittent irrigation | End of July 2014 | End of June 2014 (after mid-season drainage) |
Plant growth investigation(full heading stage) | 12 August 2014 (76) | 13 August 2014 (90) |
Final drainage | Early September 2014 | End of August 2014 |
Sampling (soil and plant, harvesting stage) | 15 September 2014 (110) | 12 September 2014 (120) |
Site | Soil Type | pH | EC | Exchangeable Cations (cmolC kg−1) | CEC | Total-C | Total-N | C/N Ratio | Available N † | Available P ‡ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(H2O) | (mS cm−1) | K | Na | Ca | Mg | (cmolC kg−1) | (g kg−1) | (g kg−1) | (mg N kg−1) | (mg P2O5 kg−1) | |||
Akita | Gray lowland soil | 5.75 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 10.8 | 3.00 | 17.4 | 26.7 | 2.37 | 11.3 | 162.0 | 359 |
Miyagi | Gray lowland soil | 6.50 | 0.15 | 0.80 | 1.09 | 17.3 | 2.62 | 19.3 | 19.3 | 1.80 | 10.7 | 107.0 | 189 |
Fertilizer | Panicle Initiation Stage | Harvesting Stage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Akita | Miyagi | Akita | Miyagi | |
AS | 293 ± 27 | 385 ± 21 | 931 ± 54 | 858 ± 57 |
LN | 289 ± 61 | 413 ± 31 | 960 ± 11 | 864 ± 12 |
t-test † | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Fertilizer | Total N Uptake (g N m−2) | |||||
TP to PI(at PI) | PI to H(H–PI) | Total(at H) | ||||
Akita | Miyagi | Akita | Miyagi | Akita | Miyagi | |
AS | 4.78 ± 0.11 | 4.96 ± 0.16 | 3.48 ± 0.27 | 2.03 ± 0.24 | 8.26 ± 0.30 | 7.19 ± 0.38 |
LN | 4.93 ± 0.31 | 4.97 ± 0.21 | 3.35 ± 0.40 | 1.61 ± 0.36 | 8.29 ± 0.25 | 6.53 ± 0.26 |
t-test † | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Fertilizer | Fertilizer-Derived N Uptake (g N m−2) | |||||
TP to PI(at PI) | PI to H(H–PI) | Total(at H) | ||||
Akita | Miyagi | Akita | Miyagi | Akita | Miyagi | |
AS | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.22 ± 0.01 |
LN | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.27 ± 0.00 |
t-test† | ** | ns | ns | ns | ** | ** |
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Share and Cite
Takakai, F.; Hirano, S.; Harakawa, Y.; Hatakeyama, K.; Yasuda, K.; Sato, T.; Kimura, K.; Kaneta, Y. Fate of Fertilizer-Derived N Applied to Enhance Rice Straw Decomposition in a Paddy Field during the Fallow Season under Cool Temperature Conditions. Agriculture 2018, 8, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8040050
Takakai F, Hirano S, Harakawa Y, Hatakeyama K, Yasuda K, Sato T, Kimura K, Kaneta Y. Fate of Fertilizer-Derived N Applied to Enhance Rice Straw Decomposition in a Paddy Field during the Fallow Season under Cool Temperature Conditions. Agriculture. 2018; 8(4):50. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8040050
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakakai, Fumiaki, Seiya Hirano, Yuka Harakawa, Keiko Hatakeyama, Kentaro Yasuda, Takashi Sato, Kazuhiko Kimura, and Yoshihiro Kaneta. 2018. "Fate of Fertilizer-Derived N Applied to Enhance Rice Straw Decomposition in a Paddy Field during the Fallow Season under Cool Temperature Conditions" Agriculture 8, no. 4: 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8040050