Sodium Lignosulfonate Effect on Physiological Traits of Cucumis sativus L. Seedlings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Substrate Preparation
2.2. Plant Material and Growth Conditions
2.3. Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Chlorophyll Content Parameters
2.4. CO2 Gas Exchange
2.5. Electrolyte Leakage and Leaf Relative Water Content
2.6. Plant Growth Parameters
2.7. Chemical Analyses
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Nutrient Availability on Plant Biomass Parameters
3.2. Effect of sLS on Plant Biomass Parameters
3.3. Effect of Nutrient Availability and sLS Application on Photosynthetic Parameters, EC and RWC
3.4. Leaf Microelements Content
3.5. Correlation between Leaf Microelement Content and Plant Growth Parameters
3.6. Leaf Trace Element Accumulation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment Factor, Interaction | |||
---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Nutrient Availability | sLS | sLS + Nutrient Availability |
Total biomass | <0.001 *** | <0.01 ** | <0.01 ** |
Leaf mass | <0.001 *** | <0.01 ** | <0.01 ** |
Root mass | <0.001 *** | <0.05 * | 0.050 ns |
LWR | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** | 0.051 ns |
RWR | <0.001 *** | 0.009 ** | <0.01 ** |
RSR | <0.001 *** | 0.013 * | 0.206 ns |
An1200 | <0.001 *** | 0.084 ns | <0.05 * |
An300 | <0.001 *** | 0.247 ns | <0.01 ** |
R | <0.001 *** | 0.627 ns | 0.092 ns |
α | <0.001 *** | <0.05 * | 0.062 ns |
R/An1200 | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** |
R/An300 | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** |
EC | <0.001 *** | 0.024 * | 0.125 ns |
RWC | 0.574 ns | 0.194 ns | 0.590 ns |
Fe | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** |
Mn | 0.456 ns | <0.001 *** | 0.924 ns |
Cu | 0.108 ns | 0.915 ns | 0.647 ns |
Zn | <0.05 * | 0.320 ns | 0.916 ns |
Ni | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** |
Cr | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** |
Al | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** |
Co | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** | <0.001 *** |
Pb | <0.01 ** | 0.091 ns | 0.062 ns |
SNA | LNA | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | 0sLS | 1sLS | 2.5sLS | 5sLS | 10sLS | 0sLS | 1sLS | 2.5sLS | 5sLS | 10sLS |
Concentration | ||||||||||
Fe, mg kg−1 | 99.2 ± 16.7 a | 92.8 ± 8.4 a | 82.6 ± 2.5 a | 84.4 ± 5.8 a | 90.0 ± 9.8 a | 2077 (±5%) | 1300 (±5%) | 378 (±5%) | 493 (±5%) | 304 (±5%) |
Mn, mg kg−1 | 954 ± 37 a | 365 ± 137 b | 196 ± 13.4 bc | 116 ± 27 c | 224 ± 10.0 bc | 960 (±5%) | 203 (±5%) | 134 (±5%) | 90 (±5%) | 220 (±5%) |
Cu, mg kg−1 | 5.4 ± 0.4 ab | 7.5 ± 1.9 a | 5.5 ± 0.4 ab | 4.6 ± 0.1 b | 5.6 ± 0.6 ab | 5.1 (±5%) | 3.4 (± 5%) | 3.4 (± 5%) | 4.1 (±5%) | 4.9 (±5%) |
Zn, mg kg−1 | 42.8 ± 0.5- ab | 48.2 ± 3.8 a | 40.2 ± 3.8 ab | 37.1 ± 5.4 b | 36.6 ± 1.1 b | 39.0 ( ± 5%) | 34.2 ( ± 5%) | 32.6 (± 5%) | 28.7 (±5%) | 27.1 (±5%) |
Ni, mg kg−1 | 2.7 ± 0.6 a | 1.8 ± 0.5 ab | 1.5 ± 0.1 b | 1.4 ± 0.2 b | 1.3 ± 0.1 b | 12.0 (±5%) | 3.3 (± 5%) | 2.8 (± 5%) | 2.8 (±5%) | 1.3 (±5%) |
Cr, mg kg−1 | 0.40 ± 0.10 a | 0.45 ± 0.06 a | 0.33 ± 0.09 a | 0.30 ± 0.00 a | 0.50 ± 0.06 a | 3.2 (±5%) | 2.7 (± 5%) | 1.9 (±5%) | 2.0 (± 5%) | 1.1 (± 5%) |
Al, mg kg−1 | 110 ± 12 a | 43 ± 3 ab | 21 ± 9 b | 26 ± 3 b | 75 ± 5 ab | 639 (± 5%) | 2310 (± 5%) | 1971 (± 5%) | 2317 (± 5%) | 100 (±5%) |
Co, mg kg−1 | 0.88 ± 0.14 a | 0.38 ± 0.09 b | 0.33 ± 0.05 b | 0.18 ± 0.05 b | 0.40 ± 0.06 b | 5.3 (±5%) | 1.8 (±5%) | 1.2( ±5%) | 1.2 (±5%) | 1.3 (±5%) |
Pb, mg kg−1 | 0.6 ± 0.2 a | 0.7 ± 0.2 a | 0.5 ± 0.1 a | 0.4 ± 0.1 a | 1.0 ± 0.6 a | 2.8 (±5%) | 2.0 (±5%) | 2.3 (±5%) | 0.4 (±5%) | 0.6 (±5%) |
Accumulation | ||||||||||
Fe, mg plant−1 | 0.12 ± 0.02 a | 0.12 ± 0.01 a | 0.11 ± 0.01 a | 0.11 ± 0.00 a | 0.10 ± 0.02 ab | 0.07 ± 0.00 b | 0.10 ± 0.02 ab | 0.03 ± 0.00 c | 0.04 ± 0.00 cb | 0.04 ± 0.00 cb |
Mn, mg plant−1 | 1.19 ± 0.10 a | 0.48 ± 0.16 b | 0.14 ± 0.0 cd | 0.15 ± 0.03 cd | 0.25 ± 0.03 c | 0.03 ± 0.00 d | 0.02 ± 0.00 d | 0.01 ± 0.00 d | 0.01 ± 0.00 d | 0.03 ± 0.00 d |
Cu, μg plant−1 | 6.8 ± 0.8 b | 10.1 ± 2.6 a | 5.4 ± 0.3 b | 6.3 ± 0.4 b | 6.2 ± 0.9 b | 0.2 ± 0.0 c | 0.3 ± 0.0 c | 0.3 ± 0.0 c | 0.4 ± 0.0 c | 0.7 ± 0.1 c |
Zn, μg plant−1 | 54.0 ± 5.5 b | 65.1 ± 5.6 a | 49.2 ± 3.1 b | 50.5 ± 6.3 b | 40.4 ± 4.4 c | 1.2 ± 0.1 d | 2.7 ± 0.4 d | 2.7 ± 0.4 d | 2.5 ± 0.2 d | 4.0 ± 0.4 d |
Ni, μg plant−1 | 3.4 ± 0.9 a | 2.3 ± 0.6 b | 1.9 ± 0.1 bc | 1.9 ± 0.3 bc | 1.4 ± 0.2 c | 0.4 ± 0.0 d | 0.3 ± 0.0 d | 0.2 ± 0.0 d | 0.2 ± 0.0 d | 0.2 ± 0.0 d |
Cr, μg plant−1 | 0.50 ± 0.13 ab | 0.61 ± 0.08 a | 0.33 ± 0.05 b | 0.41 ± 0.03 b | 0.56 ± 0.11 ab | 0.10 ± 0.0 c | 0.21 ± 0.04 c | 0.16 ± 0.02 c | 0.17 ± 0.01 c | 0.16 ± 0.02 c |
Al, μg plant−1 | 147 ± 61 a | 57 ± 8 b | 16 ± 5 c | 36 ± 4 bc | 91 ± 58 ab | 20 ± 1 c | 183 ± 30 a | 164 ± 23 a | 198 ± 16 a | 15 ± 2c |
Co, μg plant−1 | 1.09 ± 0.20 a | 0.49 ± 0.09 b | 0.24 ± 0.04 c | 0.23 ± 0.05 c | 0.44 ± 0.08 b | 0.17 ± 0.01 c | 0.14 ± 0.02 c | 0.10 ± 0.01 c | 0.10 ± 0.01 c | 0.19 ± 0.02 c |
Pb, μg plant−1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 a | 0.9 ± 0.2 a | 0.4 ± 0.1 a | 0.5 ± 0.2 a | 1.1 ± 0.8 a | 0.09 ± 0.01 b | 0.06 ± 0.02 b | 0.19 ± 0.03 b | 0.03 ± 0.00 b | 0.09 ± 0.01 b |
Growth Parameters | Fe | Mn | Cu | Zn | Ni | Cr | Co | Al | Pb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total mass, g plant−1 | −0.55 | 0.15 | 0.53 | 0.61 | −0.38 | −0.82 | −0.52 | −0.70 | −0.46 |
Leaves mass, g plant−1 | −0.56 | 0.16 | 0.52 | 0.60 | −0.38 | −0.83 | −0.53 | −0.72 | −0.47 |
Root mass, g plant−1 | −0.51 | 0.13 | 0.48 | 0.66 | −0.35 | −0.76 | −0.49 | −0.65 | −0.44 |
LWR | −0.77 | −0.15 | 0.33 | 0.22 | −0.67 | −0.86 | −0.73 | −0.55 | −0.60 |
RWR | 0.56 | 0.11 | −0.28 | −0.03 | 0.48 | 0.62 | 0.50 | 0.42 | 0.47 |
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Ikkonen, E.; Yurkevich, M.; Kaznina, N.; Krasilnikov, P. Sodium Lignosulfonate Effect on Physiological Traits of Cucumis sativus L. Seedlings. Agriculture 2023, 13, 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020307
Ikkonen E, Yurkevich M, Kaznina N, Krasilnikov P. Sodium Lignosulfonate Effect on Physiological Traits of Cucumis sativus L. Seedlings. Agriculture. 2023; 13(2):307. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020307
Chicago/Turabian StyleIkkonen, Elena, Maria Yurkevich, Natalia Kaznina, and Pavel Krasilnikov. 2023. "Sodium Lignosulfonate Effect on Physiological Traits of Cucumis sativus L. Seedlings" Agriculture 13, no. 2: 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020307