Corneal Epithelial Toxicity after Intravitreal Methotrexate Injection for Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Clinical and In Vitro Studies
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Clinical Study
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. Cell Viability and Proliferation Assays
2.4. Apoptosis Assay and Oxidative Stress Measurement
2.5. Real-Time Reverse Transcription (RT)-PCR
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
3.2. Incidence, Characteristics, and Risk Factors of MTX-Induced Corneal Epitheliopathy
3.3. Treatment and Outcome of MTX-Induced Corneal Epitheliopathy
3.4. MTX-Induced Cytotoxicity in CECs
3.5. Protective Effect of FA on MTX-Induced Cytotoxicity in CECs
3.6. Effect of MTX and FA on Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in CECs
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical Characteristics | Total | No Keratopathy | Keratopathy | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
No of eyes (patients) | 66 (45) | 51 (33) | 15 (12) | |
Age at first injection (years, range) | 60.4 ± 11.6 (27–85) | 61.4 ± 12.4 (27–85) | 56.9 ± 7.8 (48–76) | 0.100 * |
Gender (male/female) | 20:25 | 15:18 | 5:7 | 0.821 † |
Laterality (right/left) | 34:32 | 27:24 | 7:8 | 0.669 † |
Total No of MTX injections (range) | 8.4 ± 5.7 (1–23) | 7.4 ± 5.0 (1–23) | 11.7 ± 6.7 (1–22) | 0.011 ‡ |
Injection No before keratopathy (range) | 5.7 ± 3.4 (1–12) | |||
Fundus findings | ||||
Vitreous haze | 65 (98.5%) | 50 (98.0%) | 15 (100.0%) | 1.000 § |
Subretinal/retinal infiltration | 26 (39.4%) | 19 (37.3%) | 7 (46.7%) | 0.512 † |
Retinal vasculitis | 7 (10.6%) | 5 (9.8%) | 2 (13.3%) | 0.653 § |
Exudative detachment | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.227 § |
Indication for intravitreal MTX | ||||
Primary VRL | 8 (12.1%) | 5 (9.8%) | 3 (20.0%) | 0.368 § |
VRL with CNS lymphoma | 58 (87.9%) | 46 (90.2%) | 12 (80.0%) | 0.368 § |
Anti-glaucoma eye drops | 6 (9.1%) | 2 (3.9%) | 4 (26.7%) | 0.021 § |
Diabetes mellitus | 6 (9.1%) | 3 (5.9%) | 3 (20.0%) | 0.125 § |
Duration from first injection to last follow-up (months, range) | 19.1 ± 16.9 (0.1–79.3) | 16.1 ± 14.8 (0.1–61.4) | 29.2 ± 19.9 (6.3–79.3) | 0.006 ‡ |
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Jeong, Y.; Ryu, J.S.; Park, U.C.; Oh, J.Y. Corneal Epithelial Toxicity after Intravitreal Methotrexate Injection for Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Clinical and In Vitro Studies. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2672. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082672
Jeong Y, Ryu JS, Park UC, Oh JY. Corneal Epithelial Toxicity after Intravitreal Methotrexate Injection for Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Clinical and In Vitro Studies. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(8):2672. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082672
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeong, Yoon, Jin Suk Ryu, Un Chul Park, and Joo Youn Oh. 2020. "Corneal Epithelial Toxicity after Intravitreal Methotrexate Injection for Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Clinical and In Vitro Studies" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8: 2672. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082672
APA StyleJeong, Y., Ryu, J. S., Park, U. C., & Oh, J. Y. (2020). Corneal Epithelial Toxicity after Intravitreal Methotrexate Injection for Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Clinical and In Vitro Studies. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(8), 2672. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082672