You are currently viewing a new version of our website. To view the old version click .
Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access

24 December 2025

Auditory Discrimination of Parametrically Sonified EEG Signals in Alzheimer’s Disease

,
,
,
,
,
,
,
and
1
Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, 37002 Salamanca, Spain
2
Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, NEPSA Rehabilitación Neurológica, 37003 Salamanca, Spain
3
Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
4
Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches to the Challenges of Neurodegenerative Disease

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) requires accessible and non-invasive biomarkers that can support early detection, especially in settings lacking specialized expertise. Sonification techniques may offer an alternative way to convey neurophysiological information through auditory perception. This study aimed to evaluate whether human listeners without EEG training can discriminate between sonified electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns from patients with AD and healthy controls. Methods: EEG recordings from 65 subjects (36 with Alzheimer’s, 29 controls) from the Open-Neuro ds004504 dataset were used. Data were processed through sliding-window spectral analysis, extracting relative band powers across five frequency bands (delta: 1–4 Hz, theta: 4–8 Hz, alpha: 8–13 Hz, beta: 13–30 Hz, gamma: 30–45 Hz) and spectral entropy, aggregated across 10 topographic regions. Extracted features were sonified via parameter mapping to independent synthesis sources per frequency band, implemented in an interactive web interface (Tone.js v14.8.49) enabling auditory evaluation. Eight evaluators without EEG experience blindly classified subjects into two groups based solely on listening to the sonifications. Results: Listeners achieved a mean classification accuracy of 76.12% (SD = 17.95%; range: 49.25–97.01%), exceeding chance performance (p = 0.001, permutation test). Accuracy variability across evaluators suggests that certain auditory cues derived from the sonified features were consistently perceived. Conclusions: Parametric EEG sonification preserves discriminative neurophysiological information that can be perceived through auditory evaluation, enabling above-chance differentiation between Alzheimer’s patients and healthy controls without technical expertise. This proof-of-concept study supports sonification as a complementary, accessible method for examining brain patterns in neurodegenerative diseases and highlight its potential contribution to the development of accessible diagnostic tools.

Article Metrics

Citations

Article Access Statistics

Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.