The Association of Poor Preoperative Mental Health and Outcomes After Surgical Correction of Adult Spinal Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Eligibility Criteria and Information Sources
2.3. Selection Process
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Outcomes
2.6. Risk of Bias
2.7. Study Quality
2.8. Data Synthesis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Management
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ASD | Adult Spinal Deformity |
HRQOL | Health Related Quality of Life |
SMD | Standardized Mean Difference |
PTSD | Post-traumatic Stress Disorder |
References
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Study | Study Setting | Study Type | N | Mean Age | Gender (% Female) | Comorbidity Assessed | Measure of Mental Health | Outcome Measure | Follow-Up Time Point |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Theologis et al., 2016 [11] | Multicenter | Retrospective | 267 | 56 | 83.9 | Depression | Self-Reported | ODI, SRS22, SF-36 PCS, Back Pain, Leg Pain | 2 years |
Elsamadicy et al., 2017 [25] | Single Center | Retrospective | 923 | 61.25 | 63.9 | Depression | Previous Diagnosis | Complications | Postoperative |
Bakhsheshian et al., 2017 [10] | Multicenter | Retrospective | 144 | 57.49 | 83.3 | Mental Health | SF-36 MCS | ODI, SRS22, SF-36 PCS, SF-36 MCS, NRS Back, NRS Leg, Activity, Pain, Self-Image, Mental Health | 2 years |
Adogwa et al., 2017 [22] | Single Center | Retrospective | 92 | 72.2 | 63.2 | Depression | Koenig Depression Scale | VAS | 6 months |
Toombs et al., 2018 [38] | NIS | Retrospective | 219975 | 58.7 | 67.6 | Multiple Mental Health Disorders | ICD code | Major Medical Complications | Postoperative |
Goh et al., 2018 [26] | Multicenter | Prospective | 46 | 61.1 | Psychiatric Condition (Depression or Anxiety) | Zung Depression and Anxiety Scale | SRS-22, PCS, MCS, RMDQ | 2 years | |
Kyrölä et al., 2019 [29] | Single Center | Retrospective | 79 | 64.3 | 72.2 | Depression | Previous Diagnosis | SRS-30, ODI | 5 years |
Watanabe et al., 2020 [39] | Single Center | Retrospective | 165 | 63 | 86.1 | Mental Health | Previous Diagnosis | ODI, SRS-22 | 2 years |
Hayashi et al., 2020 [27] | Multicenter | Retrospective | 391 | 53.4 | 81.1 | Mental Health | SF-36 MCS | SRS-22r SI Module | 2 years |
Yagi et al., 2021 [41] | Multicenter | Retrospective | 159 | 64.6 | 94 | Mental Health | SRS Mental Health Domain | SRS-22 | 2 years |
Lafage et al., 2021 [30] | Multicenter | Retrospective | 513 | 58.4 | 79 | Mental Health | SF-36 MCS | ODI, SRS22, SF-36 PCS, SF-36 MCS | 2 years |
Morrissette et al., 2022 [33] | Single Center | Retrospective | 100 | 44 | 74 | Mental Health | SRS Mental Health Domain | SRS, ODI | 2 years |
Soroceanu et al., 2016 [36] | Multicenter | Retrospective | 448 | 56.8 | 75 | Depression | N/A | Complications | 2 years |
Diebo et al., 2018 [24] | Multicenter | Retrospective | 6020 | 59 | 57.2 | Multiple Mental Health Disorders | ICD Code | Readmission | 2 years |
Shah et al., 2019 [35] | PearlDiver | Retrospective | 654 | 72.6 | 73.7 | Depression/Anxiety | ICD Code | Complications | 1 year |
Lee et al., 2021 [31] | Single Center | Retrospective | 175 | 52.6 | 72 | Depression | N/A | Readmission | 2 years |
Williamson et al., 2022 [40] | Single Center | Retrospective | 480 | 79 | Depression | Previous Diagnosis | Complications | 2 years | |
Zuckerman et al., 2022 [42] | Single Center | Retrospective | 243 | 49.3 | 67 | Depression/Anxiety | N/A | Postoperative Iatrogenic CM | 2 years |
Taliaferro et al., 2022 [37] | Multicenter | Retrospective | 12641 | 61 | 69 | Depression | ICD Code | Readmission | 90 days |
Lee et al., 2022 [32] | Single Center | Retrospective | 227 | 50.5 | 67.8 | Depression | N/A | Readmission | 90 days |
Arora et al., 2023 [23] | Single Center | Retrospective | 355 | 66.9 | 62.5 | Depression/Anxiety | Previous Diagnosis | Extended Length of Stay | Postoperative |
Jamil et al., 2023 [28] | PearlDiver | Retrospective | 3706 | 63.1 | Depression | ICD Code | Complications | 90 days | |
Onafowokan et al., 2024 [34] | Single Center | Retrospective | 477 | 64.2 | Depression | Previous Diagnosis | Complications | 2 years | |
Agarwal et al., 2024 [12] | Multicenter | Retrospective | 147 | 69 | 57.8 | Depression | Self-Reported | ODI, SRS22, SF-36 PCS, SF-36 MCS, NRS Back, NRS Leg, EQ-5D, EQ-5D VAS | 1 year |
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Sun, Y.; Ramapuram, H.; Razi, R.; Hamo, M.; Howell, S.; Laskay, N.M.B.; Tracz, J.; Mahavadi, A.; Mooney, J.; Godzik, J. The Association of Poor Preoperative Mental Health and Outcomes After Surgical Correction of Adult Spinal Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 5516. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155516
Sun Y, Ramapuram H, Razi R, Hamo M, Howell S, Laskay NMB, Tracz J, Mahavadi A, Mooney J, Godzik J. The Association of Poor Preoperative Mental Health and Outcomes After Surgical Correction of Adult Spinal Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(15):5516. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155516
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Yifei, Hariteja Ramapuram, Riyaz Razi, Mohammad Hamo, Sasha Howell, Nicholas M. B. Laskay, Jovanna Tracz, Anil Mahavadi, James Mooney, and Jakub Godzik. 2025. "The Association of Poor Preoperative Mental Health and Outcomes After Surgical Correction of Adult Spinal Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 15: 5516. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155516
APA StyleSun, Y., Ramapuram, H., Razi, R., Hamo, M., Howell, S., Laskay, N. M. B., Tracz, J., Mahavadi, A., Mooney, J., & Godzik, J. (2025). The Association of Poor Preoperative Mental Health and Outcomes After Surgical Correction of Adult Spinal Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(15), 5516. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155516