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Journal of Clinical Medicine
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4 May 2023

Reply to Marino et al. Does Subretinal Fluid Influence Choroidal Thickness (ChT) and Structure in Preeclampsia with Serous Retinal Detachment? Comment on “Fukui et al. Changes in Choroidal Thickness and Structure in Preeclampsia with Serous Retinal Detachment. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 609”

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Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
This article belongs to the Collection Recent Advances of Examination and Treatment for Retinal and Choroidal Diseases
We thank the authors for the interesting comments [1] on our paper [2], and for truly appreciating our work as well.
As you pointed out, axial length and choroidal thickness are known to be thicker in the shorter eyes and thinner in the longer eyes [3]. In the case of the present study, the axial length should have been corrected for SCT measurement. However, since this is a retrospective study, and the number of cases in which axial length was measured was small, the results were not limited to cases in which axial length was measured. This is also because only the minimum necessary examination was performed to shorten the examination time for patients whose general condition was not stable, such as pregnant women who were about to give birth, patients who had just undergone cesarean sections, and patients suffering from pregnancy complications. In addition, we would like to add that the refractive error, in this case, was normal to moderate myopia, and we assume that cases with extremely short or long eyes were not included in the examination. When we examine similar cases in the future, we will also measure the axial length, although it will depend on the patient’s general condition.
Regarding your second point, as you pointed out, it is difficult to identify how to locate the macular fovea when SRD is present. The current study was retrospective and used the method of measuring SCT from previously scanned OCT images. The location of the central fovea was confirmed from the images with OCT when SRD improved, and the location of the fovea on OCT when SRD was present was estimated using the site of the choroidal vessels. In the future, we would like to use the follow-up setting as you indicated.
CVI is a standardized, newly defined parameter recently attracting attention because it allows quantitative evaluation of choroidal vessels. However, it has been reported that accurate CVI measurement is difficult due to retinal vascular shadows affecting the choroid, corneal opacity, and poor fixation [4], so it may not yet be a standardized parameter. This study used Niblack’s auto-local threshold technique to measure CVI based on previous reports [5,6]. Niblack’s auto local threshold technique is a binarization method that considers the mean value and standard deviation of all pixels in the selected region and was adopted because it is considered to be relatively less affected by signal amplification.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, A.F., H.T. and N.T.; methodology, A.F., H.T., K.N., N.K. and K.K.; validation, A.F. and H.T; formal analysis, H.T. and A.M.; investigation, A.F. and H.T.; data curation, A.F. and A.M.; writing—original draft preparation, A.F. and H.T.; writing—review and editing, A.F., H.T., N.T., K.N., N.K., K.K. and C.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Institutional Review Board Statement

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Protocol code: ERB-C-1235; Date of approval: 9 May 2018).

Data Availability Statement

The data in this study is available upon a reasonable request to the corresponding author, as it is not publicly available due to privacy reasons and ethical concerns.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  1. Marino, A.V.; La Marca, A.; De Luca, M.; D’Aniello, E.; Gioia, M. Does Subretinal Fluid Influence Choroidal Thickness (ChT) and Structure in Preeclampsia with Serous Retinal Detachment? Comment on Fukui et al. Changes in Choroidal Thickness and Structure in Preeclampsia with Serous Retinal Detachment. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 609. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Fukui, A.; Tanaka, H.; Terao, N.; Nagata, K.; Matsumoto, A.; Kusada, N.; Kojima, K.; Sotozono, C. Changes in Choroidal Thickness and Structure in Preeclampsia with Serous Retinal Detachment. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 609. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  3. Xie, J.; Ye, L.; Chen, Q.; Shi, Y.; Hu, G.; Yin, Y.; Zou, H.; Zhu, J.; Fan, Y.; He, J.; et al. Choroidal Thickness and Its Association With Age, Axial Length, and Refractive Error in Chinese Adults. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2022, 63, 34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  4. Betzler, B.K.; Ding, J.; Wei, X.; Lee, J.M.; Grewal, D.S.; Fekrat, S.; Sadda, S.R.; Zarbin, M.A.; Agarwal, A.; Gupta, V.; et al. Choroidal vascularity index: A step towards software as a medical device. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2022, 106, 149–155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  5. Agrawal, R.; Gupta, P.; Tan, K.A.; Cheung, C.M.; Wong, T.Y.; Cheng, C.Y. Choroidal vascularity index as a measure of vascular status of the choroid: Measurements in healthy eyes from a population-based study. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 21090. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  6. Agrawal, R.; Salman, M.; Tan, K.A.; Karampelas, M.; Sim, D.A.; Keane, P.A.; Pavesio, C. Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI)—A Novel Optical Coherence Tomography Parameter for Monitoring Patients with Panuveitis? PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0146344. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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