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Volume 13
Issue 3
10.3390/vaccines13030226
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Article

Exploration of a GMMA-Based Bivalent Vaccine Against Klebsiella pneumoniae

by
Qikun Ou
1,†,
Lu Lu
2,†,
Lina Zhai
2,3,
Shuli Sang
2,
Yiyan Guan
2,
Yuling Xiong
4,
Chunjie Liu
2,
Haibin Wang
4,*,
Qiping Hu
1,* and
Yanchun Wang
2,*
1
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, China
2
Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, China
3
Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
4
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100037, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Vaccines 2025, 13(3), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030226
Submission received: 2 January 2025 / Revised: 12 February 2025 / Accepted: 20 February 2025 / Published: 24 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases)
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Abstract

Background: An emerging trend of mutual convergence between drug-resistant and highly virulent strains of K. pneumoniae has been identified, highlighting the urgent need for the development of novel vaccines. Methods: To delete the target genes and eliminate the plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes, CRISPR-Cas9 technology was employed to perform genome editing on a clinically isolated O2 serotype of K. pneumoniae. Subsequently, this strain was utilized as a host to express genes associated with the synthesis of O1 serotype LPSs to construct the recombinant strain capable of simultaneously expressing LPSs of both O1 and O2 serotypes. This recombinant strain was then used as the production strain for the preparation of vaccines based on GMMAs (Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens), and its biological characteristics were characterized. Finally, the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine were evaluated using mice as the model animals. Result: a GMMA vaccine characterized by a high yield and low toxicity was gained. Importantly, the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of both O1 and O2 serotypes of K. pneumoniae were successfully expressed on the surface of the outer membrane vesicles. Following immunization with the GMMA vaccine, mice were capable of producing antibodies against the GMMA and demonstrated resistance to the invasion of both serotypes of clinically isolated K. pneumoniae. Conclusions: The GMMA vaccine showed significant promise as a bivalent vaccine against K. pneumoniae.
Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae; outer membrane vesicle; generalized modules for membrane antigens; vaccine; immunization Klebsiella pneumoniae; outer membrane vesicle; generalized modules for membrane antigens; vaccine; immunization

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ou, Q.; Lu, L.; Zhai, L.; Sang, S.; Guan, Y.; Xiong, Y.; Liu, C.; Wang, H.; Hu, Q.; Wang, Y. Exploration of a GMMA-Based Bivalent Vaccine Against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vaccines 2025, 13, 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030226

AMA Style

Ou Q, Lu L, Zhai L, Sang S, Guan Y, Xiong Y, Liu C, Wang H, Hu Q, Wang Y. Exploration of a GMMA-Based Bivalent Vaccine Against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vaccines. 2025; 13(3):226. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030226

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ou, Qikun, Lu Lu, Lina Zhai, Shuli Sang, Yiyan Guan, Yuling Xiong, Chunjie Liu, Haibin Wang, Qiping Hu, and Yanchun Wang. 2025. "Exploration of a GMMA-Based Bivalent Vaccine Against Klebsiella pneumoniae" Vaccines 13, no. 3: 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030226

APA Style

Ou, Q., Lu, L., Zhai, L., Sang, S., Guan, Y., Xiong, Y., Liu, C., Wang, H., Hu, Q., & Wang, Y. (2025). Exploration of a GMMA-Based Bivalent Vaccine Against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vaccines, 13(3), 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030226

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