Dynamic Changes in Hepatitis A Immunity in Regions with Different Vaccination Strategies and Different Vaccination Coverage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Cohorts
2.2. Anti-HAV Antibody Testing
2.3. Incidence and Vaccination Coverage Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Hepatitis A Seroprevalence
3.2. Hepatitis A Incidence and Vaccination Coverage
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Region | Year of Study | Average Number of Samples per Age Group (Min.–Max.) | Male/Female Ratio | Urban/Rural Population Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
Moscow region | 2008 | 131 (97–237) | 1:1.1 | 1:0.09 |
2020 | 936 (184–2751) | 1:2.1 | 1:0.03 | |
Sverdlovsk region | 2008 | 114 (81–200) | 1:2.4 | 1:0.02 |
2021 | 103 (35–204) | 1:1.6 | 1:0.01 | |
Tuva Republic | 2008 | 112 (88–200) | 1:1.8 | 1:1.66 |
2020 | 99 (64–169) | 1:0.9 | 1:0.17 | |
Sakha Republic (Yakutia) | 2008 | 114 (97–203) | 1:1.4 | 1:0.28 |
2020 | 101 (58–185) | 1:1.4 | 1:0.34 | |
Khabarovsk region | 2008 | 110 (99–197) | 1:1.1 | 1:0.14 |
2020 | 596 (294–1255) | 1:0.9 | 1:0.05 |
Study Region | Year of Study | Anti-HAV IgG Antibody Prevalence | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average, % [95% CI] | p * | Men, % [95% CI] | Women, % [95% CI] | p * | Urban Population, % [95% CI] | Rural Population, % [95% CI] | p * | ||
Moscow region | 2008 | 40.1 [37.4–42.9] | >0.0001 | 38.1 [34.1–42.2] | 41.9 [38.1–45.8] | 0.1905 | 39.4 [36.5 –42. 5] | 48.0 [38.3–57.8] | 0.1068 |
2020 | 23.0 [22.0–24.0] | 22.0 [20.4–23.7] | 23.5 [22.3–24.6] | 0.1679 | 22.6 [21.6–23.6] | 35.6 [21.6–23.6] | >0.0001 | ||
Sverdlovsk region | 2008 | 54.0 [51.0–57.1] | 0.856 | 43.6 [38.1–49.2] | 58.4 [54.8–62.0] | >0.0001 | 54.0 [50.9–57.0] | 66.7 [20.2–94.4] | 1 |
2021 | 54.6 [51.3–57.7] | 53.3 [60.9–45.8] | 54.8 [60.9–48.7] | 0.6854 | 54.4 [51.2–57.6] | 63.6 [35.2–85.0] | 0.7625 | ||
Tuva Republic | 2008 | 77.4 [74.7–79.8] | 0.4162 | 70.1 [65.2–74.5] | 81.5 [78.3–84.3] | >0.0001 | 70.3 [65.5–74.6] | 81.6 [78.4–84.5] | >0.0001 |
2020 | 75.7 [72.8–78.4] | 67.4 [63.0–71.5] | 85.0 [81.3–88.1] | >0.0001 | 76.9 [73.8–79.8] | 68.7 [60.3–76.0] | 0.0474 | ||
Sakha Republic (Yakutia) | 2008 | 49.7 [46.6–52.7] | >0.0001 | 38.4 [33.9–43.1] | 57.6 [53.6–61.4] | >0.0001 | 52.6 [49.1–56.0] | 39.3 [33.1–45.8] | 0.0005 |
2020 | 67.1 [64.0–70.0] | 71.2 [66.6–75.4] | 63.8 [59.5–67.8] | 0.0193 | 67.2 [63.5–70.6] | 66.8 [60.5–72.6] | 0.9356 | ||
Khabarovsk region | 2008 | 41.8 [38.8–44.9] | 0.0002 | 37.0 [32.7–41.4] | 46.1 [41.9–50.4] | 0.0038 | 43.1 [39.8–46.4] | 32.5 [24.8–41.3] | 0.0299 |
2020 | 35.5 [34.1–36.9] | 35.6 [33.7–37.4] | 35.4 [33.4–37.4] | 0.9275 | 38.1 [36.5–39.6] | 39.3 [31.8–46.8] | 0.8048 |
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Kyuregyan, K.K.; Lopatukhina, M.A.; Asadi Mobarkhan, F.A.; Kichatova, V.S.; Potemkin, I.A.; Isaeva, O.V.; Karlsen, A.A.; Malinnikova, E.Y.; Kaira, A.N.; Kozhanova, T.V.; et al. Dynamic Changes in Hepatitis A Immunity in Regions with Different Vaccination Strategies and Different Vaccination Coverage. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1423. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091423
Kyuregyan KK, Lopatukhina MA, Asadi Mobarkhan FA, Kichatova VS, Potemkin IA, Isaeva OV, Karlsen AA, Malinnikova EY, Kaira AN, Kozhanova TV, et al. Dynamic Changes in Hepatitis A Immunity in Regions with Different Vaccination Strategies and Different Vaccination Coverage. Vaccines. 2022; 10(9):1423. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091423
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyuregyan, Karen K., Maria A. Lopatukhina, Fedor A. Asadi Mobarkhan, Vera S. Kichatova, Ilya A. Potemkin, Olga V. Isaeva, Anastasia A. Karlsen, Elena Yu. Malinnikova, Alla N. Kaira, Tatyana V. Kozhanova, and et al. 2022. "Dynamic Changes in Hepatitis A Immunity in Regions with Different Vaccination Strategies and Different Vaccination Coverage" Vaccines 10, no. 9: 1423. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091423
APA StyleKyuregyan, K. K., Lopatukhina, M. A., Asadi Mobarkhan, F. A., Kichatova, V. S., Potemkin, I. A., Isaeva, O. V., Karlsen, A. A., Malinnikova, E. Y., Kaira, A. N., Kozhanova, T. V., Manuylov, V. A., Mazunina, E. P., Bykonia, E. N., Kleymenov, D. A., Ignateva, M. E., Trotsenko, O. E., Kuznetsova, A. V., Saryglar, A. A., Oorzhak, N. D., ... Mikhailov, M. I. (2022). Dynamic Changes in Hepatitis A Immunity in Regions with Different Vaccination Strategies and Different Vaccination Coverage. Vaccines, 10(9), 1423. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091423