The Use of 3D Printed Models for Surgical Simulation of Cranioplasty in Craniosynostosis as Training and Education
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. D Printing and Model Creation
2.3. Surgical Simulation
2.4. Assessment of Learning Outcomes
2.5. Data Analysis
2.6. Ethical Considerations
2.7. Description of the Case
2.8. Procedure to Build and Print the 3D Model
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Learning Outcomes
3.3. Themes and Patterns
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stage of Training Program | Description |
---|---|
Introductory Session | An initial session introducing the participants to the use of 3D printed models for surgical simulation of cranioplasty in craniosynostosis. This session may cover topics such as the benefits of using 3D printed models, the anatomy and pathology of craniosynostosis, and the importance of surgical simulation in improving surgical skills. |
Hands-on Practice Session | A hands-on practice session where the participants get to work with 3D printed models, simulating cranioplasty procedures. This may involve performing various surgical steps such as planning the incisions, drilling, and fixation of the bone segments using 3D printed models. Participants may receive guidance and feedback from experienced instructors to refine their skills. |
Feedback and Debriefing Session | A session where participants can ask questions, clarify doubts, and receive feedback on their performance during the hands-on practice session. This session may also include debriefing on the surgical simulation exercise, discussing the challenges faced, and identifying areas for improvement. Participants may receive constructive feedback and suggestions for further improvement in their surgical skills using 3D printed models. |
Aspect | Surgeons without 3D Model Training (Group A) | Surgeons with 3D Model Training (Group B) |
---|---|---|
Number of Surgeons | 5 | 5 |
Training Program | N/A | Comprehensive training program |
Introduction Session | N/A | Included |
Hands-on Practice with 3D Models | N/A | Included |
Feedback and Debriefing Session | N/A | Included |
Experience with 3D Printed Models | No exposure | Exposure to realistic models |
Surgical Simulation | N/A | Realistic surgical simulation |
Surgical Education | Standard understanding | Enhanced understanding |
Skill Development | Standard surgical skills | Improved surgical skills |
Confidence in Cranioplasty | Standard confidence | Increased confidence |
Complication Rates | Standard complication rates | Potentially reduced |
Patient Outcomes | Standard patient outcomes | Potentially improved |
Question | Answers |
---|---|
| 1—Not engaged at all 2—Not engaged 3—Barely engaged 4—Moderate engaged 5—Highly engaged |
| 1—Very low 2—Low 3—Moderate 4—High 5—Very high |
| 1—Yes, significantly 2—Yes, to some extent 3—No, not really 4—No, not at all |
| 1—Poor 2—Fair 3—Good 4—Very good 5—Excellent |
| 1—Yes, significantly more engaging 2—Yes, somewhat more engaging 3—No, about the same level of engagement 4—No, less engaging |
| 1—Yes, significantly 2—Yes, to some extent 3—No, not really 4—No, not at all |
| 1—Very confident 2—Confident 3—Somewhat confident 4—Not confident at all |
| 1—Yes, significantly 2—Yes, to some extent 3—No, not really 4—No, not at all |
| 1—No improvement 2—Slight improvement 3—Improvement 4—Moderate improvement 5—Significant improvement |
| 1—Yes, significantly better 2—Yes, somewhat better 3—No, about the same learning experience 4—No, worse |
Question | Participating Surgeons of the Group B | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| Highly engaged | Highly engaged | Moderate engagement | Highly engaged | Highly engaged |
| High | Very high | Moderate | High | Very high |
| Yes, significantly | Yes, to some extent | Yes, to some extent | Yes, to some extent | Yes, significantly |
| Good | Very good | Good | Good | Excellent |
| Yes, significantly more engaging | Yes, somewhat more engaging | Yes, somewhat more engaging | Yes, somewhat more engaging | Yes, somewhat more engaging |
| Yes, to some extent | Yes, significantly | Yes, significantly | Yes, significantly | Yes, significantly |
| Confident | Very confident | Very confident | Very confident | Very confident |
| Yes, significantly | Yes, to some extent | Yes, significantly | Yes, significantly | Yes, significantly |
| Significant improvement | Significant improvement | Significant improvement | Significant improvement | Significant improvement |
| Yes, somewhat better | Yes, significantly better | Yes, significantly better | Yes, significantly better | Yes, significantly better |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Uhl, J.F.; Sufianov, A.; Ruiz, C.; Iakimov, Y.; Mogorron, H.J.; Encarnacion Ramirez, M.; Prat, G.; Lorea, B.; Baldoncini, M.; Goncharov, E.; et al. The Use of 3D Printed Models for Surgical Simulation of Cranioplasty in Craniosynostosis as Training and Education. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 894. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13060894
Uhl JF, Sufianov A, Ruiz C, Iakimov Y, Mogorron HJ, Encarnacion Ramirez M, Prat G, Lorea B, Baldoncini M, Goncharov E, et al. The Use of 3D Printed Models for Surgical Simulation of Cranioplasty in Craniosynostosis as Training and Education. Brain Sciences. 2023; 13(6):894. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13060894
Chicago/Turabian StyleUhl, Jean Francois, Albert Sufianov, Camillo Ruiz, Yuri Iakimov, Huerta Jose Mogorron, Manuel Encarnacion Ramirez, Guillermo Prat, Barbara Lorea, Matias Baldoncini, Evgeniy Goncharov, and et al. 2023. "The Use of 3D Printed Models for Surgical Simulation of Cranioplasty in Craniosynostosis as Training and Education" Brain Sciences 13, no. 6: 894. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13060894