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Review

Reactive and Proactive Adaptation of Cognitive and Motor Neural Signals during Performance of a Stop-Change Task

by
Adam T. Brockett
1,2,* and
Matthew R. Roesch
1,2
1
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
2
Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2021, 11(5), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050617
Submission received: 9 April 2021 / Revised: 4 May 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 11 May 2021

Abstract

The ability to inhibit or suppress unwanted or inappropriate actions, is an essential component of executive function and cognitive health. The immense selective pressure placed on maintaining inhibitory control processes is exemplified by the relatively small number of instances in which these systems completely fail in the average person’s daily life. Although mistakes and errors do inevitably occur, inhibitory control systems not only ensure that this number is low, but have also adapted behavioral strategies to minimize future failures. The ability of our brains to adapt our behavior and appropriately engage proper motor responses is traditionally depicted as the primary domain of frontal brain areas, despite evidence to the fact that numerous other brain areas contribute. Using the stop-signal task as a common ground for comparison, we review a large body of literature investigating inhibitory control processes across frontal, temporal, and midbrain structures, focusing on our recent work in rodents, in an effort to understand how the brain biases action selection and adapts to the experience of conflict.
Keywords: inhibitory control; executive function; action selection; decision making inhibitory control; executive function; action selection; decision making

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Brockett, A.T.; Roesch, M.R. Reactive and Proactive Adaptation of Cognitive and Motor Neural Signals during Performance of a Stop-Change Task. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050617

AMA Style

Brockett AT, Roesch MR. Reactive and Proactive Adaptation of Cognitive and Motor Neural Signals during Performance of a Stop-Change Task. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(5):617. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050617

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brockett, Adam T., and Matthew R. Roesch. 2021. "Reactive and Proactive Adaptation of Cognitive and Motor Neural Signals during Performance of a Stop-Change Task" Brain Sciences 11, no. 5: 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050617

APA Style

Brockett, A. T., & Roesch, M. R. (2021). Reactive and Proactive Adaptation of Cognitive and Motor Neural Signals during Performance of a Stop-Change Task. Brain Sciences, 11(5), 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050617

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