In Vitro Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Blended 3D-Printing Resins for Orthodontic Aligners: A Comparison between Commercial Resin and Nickel-Titanium Wire
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Position in Microns | Graphy | 1 0% Ortho Rigid | 2 10% Ortho Rigid | 3 19% Ortho Rigid | 4 27% Ortho Rigid | 5 42% Ortho Rigid | 6 54% Ortho Rigid | 7 65% Ortho Rigid | Ni-Ti 16 × 16 | Ni-Ti 16 × 22 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 11 ± 0.5 | 15 ± 0.7 | 26 ± 1.3 | 20 ± 1.1 | 13 ± 0.5 | 28 ± 1.3 | 65 ± 3.2 | 12 ± 0.4 | 26 ± 1.1 | 62 ± 2.4 |
50 | 57 ± 2.3 | 29 ± 1.1 | 37 ± 1.8 | 36 ± 1.7 | 29 ± 1.3 | 51 ± 2.4 | 95 ± 4.6 | 52 ± 2.1 | 49 ± 1.9 | 96 ± 3.8 |
100 | 126 ± 6.3 | 49 ± 2.0 | 59 ± 2.9 | 55 ± 2.6 | 49 ± 24.4 | 78 ± 3.9 | 139 ± 6.8 | 93 ± 3.7 | 74 ± 2.8 | 139 ± 5.5 |
150 | 191 ± 9.4 | 67 ± 2.5 | 75 ± 3.7 | 71 ± 3.5 | 72 ± 3.6 | 104 ± 5.2 | 171 ± 8.4 | 129 ± 5.1 | 106 ± 4.2 | 159 ± 6.3 |
200 | 253 ± 11.8 | 85 ± 4.3 | 88 ± 4.4 | 83 ± 4.1 | 101 ± 4.9 | 127 ± 6.3 | 205 ± 10.1 | 172 ± 6.8 | 126 ± 4.9 | 187 ± 7.5 |
250 | 306 ± 14.3 | 98 ± 4.5 | 104 ± 5.2 | 98 ± 4.8 | 127 ± 6.2 | 146 ± 7.3 | 242 ± 12.1 | 220 ± 8.8 | 143 ± 5.6 | 220 ± 8.8 |
300 | 364 ± 17.2 | 114 ± 6.0 | 121 ± 6.1 | 115 ± 5.7 | 149 ± 7.3 | 166 ± 8.2 | 278 ± 11.1 | 275 ± 10.9 | 169 ± 6.7 | 257 ± 10.2 |
350 | 417 ± 19.85 | 132 ± 6.8 | 141 ± 6.9 | 135 ± 6.6 | 172 ± 8.6 | 191 ± 9.4 | 318 ± 12.7 | 316 ± 12.6 | 198 ± 7.8 | 292 ± 11.7 |
400 | 479 ± 22.9 | 147 ± 7.2 | 150 ± 7.4 | 150 ± 7.4 | 199 ± 9.8 | 215 ± 10.6 | 357 ± 14.3 | 360 ± 14.3 | 232 ± 9.0 | 325 ± 13.0 |
450 | 535 ± 25.7 | 162 ± 8.2 | 179 ± 8.8 | 177 ± 8.7 | 236 ± 11.7 | 239 ± 11.8 | 391 ± 15.5 | 411 ± 16.3 | 267 ± 10.6 | 350 ± 13.9 |
500 | 585 ± 28.1 | 173 ± 8.6 | 200 ± 9.8 | 193 ± 9.5 | 256 ± 12.7 | 259 ± 12.7 | 442 ± 17.7 | 458 ± 18.3 | 296 ± 11.8 | 375 ± 15.2 |
550 | 640 ± 31.0 | 203 ± 10.1 | 195 ± 9.6 | 202 ± 10.1 | 277 ± 13.7 | 290 ± 14.5 | 469 ± 18.6 | 524 ± 20.9 | 325 ± 12.7 | 391 ± 15.6 |
600 | 686 ± 33.1 | 224 ± 11.2 | 222 ± 11.1 | 225 ± 11.2 | 307 ± 15.2 | 305 ± 15.2 | 509 ± 20.2 | 564 ± 28.1 | 345 ± 13.5 | 401 ± 16.1 |
650 | 734 ± 35.7 | 220 ± 11.1 | 246 ± 12.3 | 250 ± 12.5 | 343 ± 17.1 | 327 ± 16.2 | 557 ± 22.3 | 604 ± 24.1 | 367 ± 14.5 | 404 ± 16.1 |
700 | 771 ± 37.5 | 240 ± 11.9 | 269 ± 13.4 | 274 ± 13.6 | 380 ± 18.9 | 353 ± 17.6 | 604 ± 24.1 | 669 ± 26.7 | 382 ± 15.3 | 403 ± 16.1 |
750 | 809 ± 39.4 | 260 ± 13.1 | 295 ± 14.6 | 300 ± 14.9 | 421 ± 21.1 | 381 ± 19.0 | 654 ± 32.7 | 731 ± 29.2 | 392 ± 15.7 | 400 ± 16.0 |
800 | 863 ± 42.1 | 281 ± 14.1 | 314 ± 15.5 | 321 ± 15.8 | 452 ± 22.5 | 408 ± 20.4 | 702 ± 28.0 | 800 ± 31.7 | 396 ± 15.8 | 399 ± 15.9 |
850 | 921 ± 45.0 | 302 ± 15.1 | 322 ± 16.1 | 335 ± 16.6 | 474 ± 23.6 | 433 ± 21.6 | 739 ± 29.6 | 869 ± 34.5 | 398 ± 15.8 | 401 ± 16.0 |
900 | 967 ± 47.2 | 318 ± 15.6 | 336 ± 16.7 | 350 ± 17.4 | 497 ± 24.7 | 463 ± 23.1 | 769 ± 30.6 | 927 ± 36.8 | 398 ± 15.9 | 406 ± 16.2 |
950 | 1017 ± 48.8 | 329 ± 16.3 | 347 ± 17.2 | 364 ± 18.1 | 515 ± 25.6 | 486 ± 24.3 | 800 ± 32.1 | 960 ± 38.4 | 406 ± 16.2 | 408 ± 16.3 |
1000 | 1048 ± 49.4 | 338 ± 16.9 | 360 ± 17.9 | 374 ± 18.6 | 537 ± 26.7 | 502 ± 25.1 | 826 ± 33.1 | 1000 ± 39.9 | 408 ± 16.3 | 408 ± 16.2 |
950 | 925 ± 44.8 | 287 ± 14.3 | 307 ± 15.3 | 329 ± 16.3 | 482 ± 24.1 | 448 ± 22.3 | 724 ± 28.8 | 895 ± 35.7 | 373 ± 14.9 | 373 ± 14.9 |
900 | 810 ± 39.7 | 255 ± 12.7 | 275 ± 13.7 | 299 ± 14.8 | 438 ± 21.9 | 409 ± 20.4 | 664 ± 26.5 | 814 ± 32.4 | 351 ± 14.0 | 349 ± 13.8 |
850 | 732 ± 35.5 | 223 ± 11.1 | 248 ± 12.4 | 268 ± 13.3 | 401 ± 20.0 | 371 ± 18.4 | 608 ± 24.3 | 747 ± 37.3 | 332 ± 13.2 | 328 ± 13.1 |
800 | 652 ± 31.1 | 196 ± 9.8 | 222 ± 11.1 | 240 ± 11.9 | 370 ± 18.4 | 338 ± 16.7 | 556 ± 22.2 | 668 ± 26.7 | 316 ± 12.6 | 307 ± 12.2 |
750 | 568 ± 27.9 | 173 ± 8.6 | 195 ± 9.6 | 213 ± 10.6 | 333 ± 16.6 | 309 ± 15.2 | 501 ± 19.9 | 604 ± 24.1 | 300 ± 11.7 | 286 ± 11.4 |
700 | 518 ± 24.3 | 147 ± 7.3 | 168 ± 8.3 | 188 ± 9.3 | 294 ± 14.7 | 279 ± 13.8 | 453 ± 18.1 | 534 ± 21.3 | 283 ± 11.3 | 268 ± 10.7 |
650 | 464 ± 22.1 | 125 ± 6.2 | 140 ± 6.9 | 163 ± 8.1 | 258 ± 12.8 | 246 ± 12.1 | 399 ± 15.9 | 470 ± 18.8 | 274 ± 10.9 | 252 ± 10.1 |
600 | 402 ± 19.5 | 106 ± 5.3 | 115 ± 5.7 | 136 ± 6.7 | 224 ± 11.2 | 220 ± 10.8 | 344 ± 13.7 | 418 ± 16.7 | 263 ± 10.4 | 241 ± 9.6 |
550 | 340 ± 16.5 | 100 ± 5.1 | 96 ± 4.8 | 112 ± 5.5 | 193 ± 9.5 | 206 ± 10.2 | 302 ± 12.1 | 391 ± 15.6 | 257 ± 10.2 | 224 ± 8.9 |
500 | 287 ± 13.7 | 70 ± 3.2 | 82 ± 4.1 | 96 ± 4.7 | 170 ± 8.3 | 178 ± 8.7 | 289 ± 11.5 | 331 ± 13.2 | 252 ± 9.7 | 214 ± 8.5 |
450 | 238 ± 11.2 | 53 ± 2.6 | 84 ± 4.2 | 91 ± 4.4 | 156 ± 7.8 | 148 ± 7.2 | 244 ± 9.7 | 265 ± 10.5 | 238 ± 9.5 | 205 ± 8.2 |
400 | 188 ± 9.1 | 38 ± 1.8 | 47 ± 2.3 | 63 ± 3.1 | 119 ± 5.8 | 127 ± 6.2 | 190 ± 7.4 | 231 ± 9.2 | 215 ± 8.6 | 197 ± 7.8 |
350 | 140 ± 6.4 | 25 ± 1.2 | 32 ± 1.6 | 46 ± 2.2 | 89 ± 4.4 | 102 ± 5.1 | 153 ± 6.1 | 188 ± 7.5 | 191 ± 7.6 | 193 ± 7.7 |
300 | 97 ± 4.5 | 10 ± 0.6 | 23 ± 1.1 | 31 ± 1.4 | 68 ± 3.4 | 81 ± 3.8 | 119 ± 4.4 | 143 ± 5.7 | 164 ± 6.5 | 195 ± 7.8 |
250 | 56 ± 2.2 | 1 ± 0.1 | 12 ± 0.6 | 17 ± 0.7 | 52 ± 2.6 | 63 ± 2.7 | 89 ± 3.5 | 99 ± 3.8 | 138 ± 5.5 | 198 ± 7.9 |
200 | 16 ± 0.6 | 0 ± 0.0 | 1 ± 0.0 | 4 ± 0.2 | 29 ± 1.3 | 43 ± 1.9 | 63 ± 2.5 | 60 ± 2.3 | 115 ± 4.6 | 180 ± 7.2 |
150 | 0 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0 | 5 ± 0.2 | 23 ± 1.1 | 32 ± 1.2 | 27 ± 1.0 | 101 ± 3.9 | 156 ± 6.2 |
100 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 3 ± 0.1 | 2 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0.0 | 76 ± 3.1 | 138 ± 5.5 |
50 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 44 ± 1.7 | 109 ± 4.3 |
0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 22 ± 0.8 | 57 ± 2.2 |
Graphy | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample 4 | Sample 5 | Sample 6 | Sample 7 | Ni-Ti 16 × 16 | Ni-Ti 16 × 22 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Max load | 1048 g | 338 g | 360 g | 374 g | 537 g | 502 g | 826 g | 1000 g | 408 g | 408 g |
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Zecca, P.A.; Bocchieri, S.; Borgese, M.; Dolci, C.; Campobasso, A.; Battista, G.; Caprioglio, A.; Raspanti, M. In Vitro Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Blended 3D-Printing Resins for Orthodontic Aligners: A Comparison between Commercial Resin and Nickel-Titanium Wire. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 9020. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13159020
Zecca PA, Bocchieri S, Borgese M, Dolci C, Campobasso A, Battista G, Caprioglio A, Raspanti M. In Vitro Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Blended 3D-Printing Resins for Orthodontic Aligners: A Comparison between Commercial Resin and Nickel-Titanium Wire. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(15):9020. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13159020
Chicago/Turabian StyleZecca, Piero Antonio, Salvatore Bocchieri, Marina Borgese, Carolina Dolci, Alessandra Campobasso, Giovanni Battista, Alberto Caprioglio, and Mario Raspanti. 2023. "In Vitro Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Blended 3D-Printing Resins for Orthodontic Aligners: A Comparison between Commercial Resin and Nickel-Titanium Wire" Applied Sciences 13, no. 15: 9020. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13159020
APA StyleZecca, P. A., Bocchieri, S., Borgese, M., Dolci, C., Campobasso, A., Battista, G., Caprioglio, A., & Raspanti, M. (2023). In Vitro Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Blended 3D-Printing Resins for Orthodontic Aligners: A Comparison between Commercial Resin and Nickel-Titanium Wire. Applied Sciences, 13(15), 9020. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13159020